mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Generative Adversarial Networks are Special Cases of Artificial Curiosity (1990) and also Closely Related to Predictability Minimization (1991)

arXiv 1906.04493 ↗First posted 11 Jun 2019cs.NE cs.LGcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

I review unsupervised or self-supervised neural networks playing minimax games in game-theoretic settings: (i) Artificial Curiosity (AC, 1990) is based on two such networks. One network learns to generate a probability distribution over outputs, the other learns to predict effects of the outputs. Each network minimizes the objective function maximized by the other. (ii) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs, 2010-2014) are an application of AC where the effect of an output is 1 if the output is in a given set, and 0 otherwise. (iii) Predictability Minimization (PM, 1990s) models data distributions through a neural encoder that maximizes the objective function minimized by a neural predictor of the code components. I correct a previously published claim that PM is not based on a minimax game.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 5; 2023: 6; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2024Fast High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Adversarial Diffusion Distillationcited by 276
  2. 2021Deep Generative Modelling: A Comparative Review of VAEs, GANs, Normalizing Flows, Energy-Based and Autoregressive Modelscited by 251
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  5. 2022Images as Weight Matrices: Sequential Image Generation Through Synaptic Learning Rulescited by 9
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  7. 2023From paintbrush to pixel: A review of deep neural networks in AI-generated artcited by 5
  8. 2022Combating Mode Collapse in GANs via Manifold Entropy Estimationcited by 4
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  10. 2022Learning One Abstract Bit at a Time Through Self-Invented Experiments Encoded as Neural Networkscited by 4
  11. 2022PrepNet: A Convolutional Auto-Encoder to Homogenize CT Scans for Cross-Dataset Medical Image Analysiscited by 3
  12. 2023Dynamically Masked Discriminator for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2
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  2. 2023Improving GAN Training via Feature Space Shrinkagecited by 1
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  4. 2025The Built-In Robustness of Decentralized Federated Averaging to Bad Datacited by 0
  5. 2026Synthetic but Not Realistic: The Evaluation Challenge in Generative Modelling for Structured Electronic Medical Recordscited by 0