Blow: a single-scale hyperconditioned flow for non-parallel raw-audio voice conversion
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Abstract (arXiv)
End-to-end models for raw audio generation are a challenge, specially if they have to work with non-parallel data, which is a desirable setup in many situations. Voice conversion, in which a model has to impersonate a speaker in a recording, is one of those situations. In this paper, we propose Blow, a single-scale normalizing flow using hypernetwork conditioning to perform many-to-many voice conversion between raw audio. Blow is trained end-to-end, with non-parallel data, on a frame-by-frame basis using a single speaker identifier. We show that Blow compares favorably to existing flow-based architectures and other competitive baselines, obtaining equal or better performance in both objective and subjective evaluations. We further assess the impact of its main components with an ablation study, and quantify a number of properties such as the necessary amount of training data or the preference for source or target speakers.
Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 8; 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2022Meta Learning for Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 26
- 2023Principled Weight Initialization for Hypernetworkscited by 19
- 2021HyperDynamics: Meta-Learning Object and Agent Dynamics with Hypernetworkscited by 18
- 2022Example-based Hypernetworks for Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 16
- 2023Magnitude Invariant Parametrizations Improve Hypernetwork Learningcited by 14
- 2021"Hello, It's Me": Deep Learning-based Speech Synthesis Attacks in the Real Worldcited by 12
- 2021Assem-VC: Realistic Voice Conversion by Assembling Modern Speech Synthesis Techniquescited by 11
- 2022Learning the Beauty in Songs: Neural Singing Voice Beautifiercited by 10
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversioncited by 9
- 2024FastVoiceGrad: One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Conditional Diffusion Distillationcited by 7
- 2021Review of end-to-end speech synthesis technology based on deep learningcited by 6
- 2021Global Rhythm Style Transfer Without Text Transcriptionscited by 6
17 more
- 2021Zero-shot Voice Conversion via Self-supervised Prosody Representation Learningcited by 6
- 2021NoiseVC: Towards High Quality Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 4
- 2021Voicy: Zero-Shot Non-Parallel Voice Conversion in Noisy Reverberant Environmentscited by 4
- 2021Distilling the Knowledge from Conditional Normalizing Flowscited by 4
- 2022TGAVC: Improving Autoencoder Voice Conversion with Text-Guided and Adversarial Trainingcited by 4
- 2022Speak Like a Dog: Human to Non-human creature Voice Conversioncited by 3
- 2022GlowVC: Mel-spectrogram space disentangling model for language-independent text-free voice conversioncited by 2
- 2023AE-Flow: AutoEncoder Normalizing Flowcited by 2
- 2025FasterVoiceGrad: Faster One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Diffusion Conversion Distillationcited by 2
- 2025LatentVoiceGrad: Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Latent Diffusion/Flow-Matching Modelscited by 2
- 2023Creating New Voices using Normalizing Flowscited by 1
- 2024A Library of Mirrors: Deep Neural Nets in Low Dimensions are Convex Lasso Models with Reflection Featurescited by 1
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow: One-step Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Mean Flowscited by 1
- 2022Invertible Voice Conversioncited by 0
- 2022DisC-VC: Disentangled and F0-Controllable Neural Voice Conversioncited by 0
- 2023Scale-Space Hypernetworks for Efficient Biomedical Imagingcited by 0
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow2: Joint Optimization of Mean Flow and Content Encoder for Fast One-Step Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 0
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow2: Joint Optimization of Mean Flow and Content Encoder for Fast One-Step Zero-Shot Voice Conversion30 Sep 2026
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow: One-step Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Mean Flows20 Feb 2026
- 2025LatentVoiceGrad: Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Latent Diffusion/Flow-Matching Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025FasterVoiceGrad: Faster One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Diffusion Conversion Distillation25 Aug 2025
- 2024FastVoiceGrad: One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Conditional Diffusion Distillation3 Sep 2024
- 2024A Library of Mirrors: Deep Neural Nets in Low Dimensions are Convex Lasso Models with Reflection Features2 Mar 2024
- 2023AE-Flow: AutoEncoder Normalizing Flow27 Dec 2023
- 2023Creating New Voices using Normalizing Flows22 Dec 2023
- 2023Principled Weight Initialization for Hypernetworks13 Dec 2023
- 2023Magnitude Invariant Parametrizations Improve Hypernetwork Learning15 Apr 2023
- 2023Scale-Space Hypernetworks for Efficient Biomedical Imaging11 Apr 2023
- 2022DisC-VC: Disentangled and F0-Controllable Neural Voice Conversion20 Oct 2022
17 more
- 2022TGAVC: Improving Autoencoder Voice Conversion with Text-Guided and Adversarial Training8 Aug 2022
- 2022GlowVC: Mel-spectrogram space disentangling model for language-independent text-free voice conversion4 Jul 2022
- 2022Speak Like a Dog: Human to Non-human creature Voice Conversion9 Jun 2022
- 2022Meta Learning for Natural Language Processing: A Survey3 May 2022
- 2022Example-based Hypernetworks for Out-of-Distribution Generalization27 Mar 2022
- 2022Learning the Beauty in Songs: Neural Singing Voice Beautifier27 Feb 2022
- 2022Invertible Voice Conversion26 Jan 2022
- 2021Zero-shot Voice Conversion via Self-supervised Prosody Representation Learning27 Oct 2021
- 2021"Hello, It's Me": Deep Learning-based Speech Synthesis Attacks in the Real World20 Sep 2021
- 2021Distilling the Knowledge from Conditional Normalizing Flows24 Jun 2021
- 2021Voicy: Zero-Shot Non-Parallel Voice Conversion in Noisy Reverberant Environments16 Jun 2021
- 2021Global Rhythm Style Transfer Without Text Transcriptions16 Jun 2021
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversion2 Jun 2021
- 2021Review of end-to-end speech synthesis technology based on deep learning20 Apr 2021
- 2021NoiseVC: Towards High Quality Zero-Shot Voice Conversion13 Apr 2021
- 2021Assem-VC: Realistic Voice Conversion by Assembling Modern Speech Synthesis Techniques2 Apr 2021
- 2021HyperDynamics: Meta-Learning Object and Agent Dynamics with Hypernetworks17 Mar 2021
- 2024FastVoiceGrad: One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Conditional Diffusion Distillationcited by 7
- 2025FasterVoiceGrad: Faster One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Diffusion Conversion Distillationcited by 2
- 2025LatentVoiceGrad: Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Latent Diffusion/Flow-Matching Modelscited by 2
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow: One-step Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Mean Flowscited by 1
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow2: Joint Optimization of Mean Flow and Content Encoder for Fast One-Step Zero-Shot Voice Conversioncited by 0
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow2: Joint Optimization of Mean Flow and Content Encoder for Fast One-Step Zero-Shot Voice Conversion30 Sep 2026
- 2026MeanVoiceFlow: One-step Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Mean Flows20 Feb 2026
- 2025LatentVoiceGrad: Nonparallel Voice Conversion with Latent Diffusion/Flow-Matching Models10 Sep 2025
- 2025FasterVoiceGrad: Faster One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Diffusion Conversion Distillation25 Aug 2025
- 2024FastVoiceGrad: One-step Diffusion-Based Voice Conversion with Adversarial Conditional Diffusion Distillation3 Sep 2024
- 2022Meta Learning for Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 26
- 2023Principled Weight Initialization for Hypernetworkscited by 19
- 2021HyperDynamics: Meta-Learning Object and Agent Dynamics with Hypernetworkscited by 18
- 2022Example-based Hypernetworks for Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 16
- 2023Magnitude Invariant Parametrizations Improve Hypernetwork Learningcited by 14
- 2021"Hello, It's Me": Deep Learning-based Speech Synthesis Attacks in the Real Worldcited by 12
- 2021Assem-VC: Realistic Voice Conversion by Assembling Modern Speech Synthesis Techniquescited by 11
- 2022Learning the Beauty in Songs: Neural Singing Voice Beautifiercited by 10
- 2021NVC-Net: End-to-End Adversarial Voice Conversioncited by 9
- 2021Review of end-to-end speech synthesis technology based on deep learningcited by 6
- 2021Global Rhythm Style Transfer Without Text Transcriptionscited by 6
- 2021Zero-shot Voice Conversion via Self-supervised Prosody Representation Learningcited by 6
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2024A Library of Mirrors: Deep Neural Nets in Low Dimensions are Convex Lasso Models with Reflection Features2 Mar 2024
- 2023AE-Flow: AutoEncoder Normalizing Flow27 Dec 2023
- 2023Creating New Voices using Normalizing Flows22 Dec 2023
- 2023Principled Weight Initialization for Hypernetworks13 Dec 2023
- 2023Magnitude Invariant Parametrizations Improve Hypernetwork Learning15 Apr 2023
- 2023Scale-Space Hypernetworks for Efficient Biomedical Imaging11 Apr 2023
- 2022DisC-VC: Disentangled and F0-Controllable Neural Voice Conversion20 Oct 2022
- 2022TGAVC: Improving Autoencoder Voice Conversion with Text-Guided and Adversarial Training8 Aug 2022
- 2022GlowVC: Mel-spectrogram space disentangling model for language-independent text-free voice conversion4 Jul 2022
- 2022Speak Like a Dog: Human to Non-human creature Voice Conversion9 Jun 2022
- 2022Meta Learning for Natural Language Processing: A Survey3 May 2022
- 2022Example-based Hypernetworks for Out-of-Distribution Generalization27 Mar 2022
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)