mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Sketch2code: Generating a website from a paper mockup

arXiv 1905.13750 ↗First posted 9 May 2019cs.CVcited by 20

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Abstract (arXiv)

An early stage of developing user-facing applications is creating a wireframe to layout the interface. Once a wireframe has been created it is given to a developer to implement in code. Developing boiler plate user interface code is time consuming work but still requires an experienced developer. In this dissertation we present two approaches which automates this process, one using classical computer vision techniques, and another using a novel application of deep semantic segmentation networks. We release a dataset of websites which can be used to train and evaluate these approaches. Further, we have designed a novel evaluation framework which allows empirical evaluation by creating synthetic sketches. Our evaluation illustrates that our deep learning approach outperforms our classical computer vision approach and we conclude that deep learning is the most promising direction for future research.

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 May 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.

20 papers.

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  1. 2024SWE-bench Multimodal: Do AI Systems Generalize to Visual Software Domains?cited by 203
  2. 2023Unifying the Perspectives of NLP and Software Engineering: A Survey on Language Models for Codecited by 62
  3. 2024WebCode2M: A Real-World Dataset for Code Generation from Webpage Designscited by 44
  4. 2024Sketch2Code: Evaluating Vision-Language Models for Interactive Web Design Prototypingcited by 29
  5. 2025LaTCoder: Converting Webpage Design to Code with Layout-as-Thoughtcited by 9
  6. 2026VisRefiner: Learning from Visual Differences for Screenshot-to-Code Generationcited by 9
  7. 2025Generative Interfaces for Language Modelscited by 6
  8. 2024WAFFLE: Finetuning Multi-Modal Models for Automated Front-End Developmentcited by 5
  9. 2026VisEditBench: Can Vision-Language Models Edit Visualization Code from Multimodal Feedback?cited by 4
  10. 2021Text2App: A Framework for Creating Android Apps from Text Descriptionscited by 3
  11. 2021Automatic code generation from sketches of mobile applications in end-user development using Deep Learningcited by 2
  12. 2023EGFE: End-to-end Grouping of Fragmented Elements in UI Designs with Multimodal Learningcited by 2
8 more
  1. 2025Multimodal graph representation learning for website generation based on visual sketchcited by 2
  2. 2022Sketch2FullStack: Generating Skeleton Code of Full Stack Website and Application from Sketch using Deep Learning and Computer Visioncited by 1
  3. 2023Learning UI-to-Code Reverse Generator Using Visual Critic Without Renderingcited by 1
  4. 2022UI Layers Group Detector: Grouping UI Layers via Text Fusion and Box Attentioncited by 0
  5. 2025Reverse Browser: Vector-Image-to-Code Generatorcited by 0
  6. 2026ProductWebGen: Benchmarking Multimodal Product Webpage Generationcited by 0
  7. 2026SchemaGUI: A Schema-Driven Benchmark for Controllable GUI Generation Evaluationcited by 0
  8. 2026MM-SVGEdit: A Multimodal-Driven SVG Editing for UI Designcited by 0