EmBench: Quantifying Performance Variations of Deep Neural Networks across Modern Commodity Devices
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Abstract (arXiv)
In recent years, advances in deep learning have resulted in unprecedented leaps in diverse tasks spanning from speech and object recognition to context awareness and health monitoring. As a result, an increasing number of AI-enabled applications are being developed targeting ubiquitous and mobile devices. While deep neural networks (DNNs) are getting bigger and more complex, they also impose a heavy computational and energy burden on the host devices, which has led to the integration of various specialized processors in commodity devices. Given the broad range of competing DNN architectures and the heterogeneity of the target hardware, there is an emerging need to understand the compatibility between DNN-platform pairs and the expected performance benefits on each platform. This work attempts to demystify this landscape by systematically evaluating a collection of state-of-the-art DNNs on a wide variety of commodity devices. In this respect, we identify potential bottlenecks in each architecture and provide important guidelines that can assist the community in the co-design of more efficient DNNs and accelerators.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 May 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 5; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
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- 2023Mitigating Memory Wall Effects in CNN Engines with On-the-Fly Weights Generationcited by 1
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- 2024CARIn: Constraint-Aware and Responsive Inference on Heterogeneous Devices for Single- and Multi-DNN Workloads2 Sep 2024
- 2024MELTing point: Mobile Evaluation of Language Transformers19 Mar 2024
- 2023Mitigating Memory Wall Effects in CNN Engines with On-the-Fly Weights Generation25 Jul 2023
- 2023Mobiprox: Supporting Dynamic Approximate Computing on Mobiles16 Mar 2023
- 2022NAWQ-SR: A Hybrid-Precision NPU Engine for Efficient On-Device Super-Resolution15 Dec 2022
- 2022The Future of Consumer Edge-AI Computing19 Oct 2022
- 2022Adaptive Edge Offloading for Image Classification Under Rate Limit31 Jul 2022
- 2022FedorAS: Federated Architecture Search under system heterogeneity22 Jun 2022
- 2022Benchmarking of DL Libraries and Models on Mobile Devices14 Feb 2022
- 2021A Survey of Large-Scale Deep Learning Serving System Optimization: Challenges and Opportunities28 Nov 2021
9 more
- 2021Smart at what cost? Characterising Mobile Deep Neural Networks in the wild28 Sep 2021
- 2021How to Reach Real-Time AI on Consumer Devices? Solutions for Programmable and Custom Architectures21 Jun 2021
- 2021Adaptive Inference through Early-Exit Networks: Design, Challenges and Directions9 Jun 2021
- 2021OODIn: An Optimised On-Device Inference Framework for Heterogeneous Mobile Devices8 Jun 2021
- 2021Deep Neural Network-based Enhancement for Image and Video Streaming Systems: A Survey and Future Directions7 Jun 2021
- 2021Multi-Exit Semantic Segmentation Networks7 Jun 2021
- 2021DynO: Dynamic Onloading of Deep Neural Networks from Cloud to Device20 Apr 2021
- 2021FjORD: Fair and Accurate Federated Learning under heterogeneous targets with Ordered Dropout26 Feb 2021
- 2021It's always personal: Using Early Exits for Efficient On-Device CNN Personalisation2 Feb 2021
- 2021FjORD: Fair and Accurate Federated Learning under heterogeneous targets with Ordered Dropoutcited by 192
- 2024MELTing point: Mobile Evaluation of Language Transformerscited by 35
- 2021Smart at what cost? Characterising Mobile Deep Neural Networks in the wildcited by 25
- 2021It's always personal: Using Early Exits for Efficient On-Device CNN Personalisationcited by 18
- 2021Multi-Exit Semantic Segmentation Networkscited by 18
- 2021DynO: Dynamic Onloading of Deep Neural Networks from Cloud to Devicecited by 17
- 2022Benchmarking of DL Libraries and Models on Mobile Devicescited by 12
- 2022The Future of Consumer Edge-AI Computingcited by 12
- 2021Deep Neural Network-based Enhancement for Image and Video Streaming Systems: A Survey and Future Directionscited by 9
- 2024Benchmarking Edge AI Platforms for High-Performance ML Inferencecited by 9
- 2021OODIn: An Optimised On-Device Inference Framework for Heterogeneous Mobile Devicescited by 7
- 2021A Survey of Large-Scale Deep Learning Serving System Optimization: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 5
12 most cited of 20 All 20 (JSON)
- 2025Sometimes Painful but Certainly Promising: Feasibility and Trade-offs of Language Model Inference at the Edge12 Mar 2025
- 2024Benchmarking Edge AI Platforms for High-Performance ML Inference23 Sep 2024
- 2024CARIn: Constraint-Aware and Responsive Inference on Heterogeneous Devices for Single- and Multi-DNN Workloads2 Sep 2024
- 2024MELTing point: Mobile Evaluation of Language Transformers19 Mar 2024
- 2023Mitigating Memory Wall Effects in CNN Engines with On-the-Fly Weights Generation25 Jul 2023
- 2023Mobiprox: Supporting Dynamic Approximate Computing on Mobiles16 Mar 2023
- 2022NAWQ-SR: A Hybrid-Precision NPU Engine for Efficient On-Device Super-Resolution15 Dec 2022
- 2022The Future of Consumer Edge-AI Computing19 Oct 2022
- 2022Adaptive Edge Offloading for Image Classification Under Rate Limit31 Jul 2022
- 2022FedorAS: Federated Architecture Search under system heterogeneity22 Jun 2022
- 2022Benchmarking of DL Libraries and Models on Mobile Devices14 Feb 2022
- 2021A Survey of Large-Scale Deep Learning Serving System Optimization: Challenges and Opportunities28 Nov 2021
12 newest of 20 All 20 (JSON)