Detecting Overfitting of Deep Generative Networks via Latent Recovery
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Abstract (arXiv)
State of the art deep generative networks are capable of producing images with such incredible realism that they can be suspected of memorizing training images. It is why it is not uncommon to include visualizations of training set nearest neighbors, to suggest generated images are not simply memorized. We demonstrate this is not sufficient and motivates the need to study memorization/overfitting of deep generators with more scrutiny. This paper addresses this question by i) showing how simple losses are highly effective at reconstructing images for deep generators ii) analyzing the statistics of reconstruction errors when reconstructing training and validation images, which is the standard way to analyze overfitting in machine learning. Using this methodology, this paper shows that overfitting is not detectable in the pure GAN models proposed in the literature, in contrast with those using hybrid adversarial losses, which are amongst the most widely applied generative methods. The paper also shows that standard GAN evaluation metrics fail to capture memorization for some deep generators. Finally, the paper also shows how off-the-shelf GAN generators can be successfully applied to face inpainting and face super-resolution using the proposed reconstruction method, without hybrid adversarial losses.
Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 16; 2022: 9; 2023: 9; 2024: 8; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
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- 2022On the Privacy Properties of GAN-generated Samples3 Jun 2022
- 2022medXGAN: Visual Explanations for Medical Classifiers through a Generative Latent Space11 Apr 2022
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- 2022Generalization Metrics for Practical Quantum Advantage in Generative Models21 Jan 2022
- 2021Learning Spatially-Adaptive Squeeze-Excitation Networks for Image Synthesis and Image Recognition29 Dec 2021
- 2021Manifold Learning Benefits GANs23 Dec 2021
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- 2021Learning who is in the market from time series: market participant discovery through adversarial calibration of multi-agent simulators2 Aug 2021
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- 2021Regularizing Generative Adversarial Networks under Limited Datacited by 105
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- 2022When do GANs replicate? On the choice of dataset sizecited by 34
- 2021This Person (Probably) Exists. Identity Membership Attacks Against GAN Generated Facescited by 25
- 2023Feature Likelihood Divergence: Evaluating the Generalization of Generative Models Using Samplescited by 25
- 2023Exploring Incompatible Knowledge Transfer in Few-shot Image Generationcited by 19
- 2023KD-DLGAN: Data Limited Image Generation via Knowledge Distillationcited by 16
12 most cited of 40 All 40 (JSON)
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- 2025Style Quantization for Data-Efficient GAN Training31 Mar 2025
- 2024GeFL: Model-Agnostic Federated Learning with Generative Models24 Dec 2024
- 2024Medical Imaging Complexity and its Effects on GAN Performance23 Oct 2024
- 2024MS3D: A RG Flow-Based Regularization for GAN Training with Limited Data20 Aug 2024
- 2024ZeroDiff: Solidified Visual-Semantic Correlation in Zero-Shot Learning5 Jun 2024
- 2024Domain adaptation in small-scale and heterogeneous biological datasets29 May 2024
- 2024Privacy Re-identification Attacks on Tabular GANs31 Mar 2024
- 2024Intriguing Properties of Modern GANs21 Feb 2024
- 2023The Inadequacy of Similarity-based Privacy Metrics: Privacy Attacks against "Truly Anonymous" Synthetic Datasets8 Dec 2023
- 2023Graphical vs. Deep Generative Models: Measuring the Impact of Differentially Private Mechanisms and Budgets on Utility18 May 2023
- 2023Exploring Incompatible Knowledge Transfer in Few-shot Image Generation15 Apr 2023
12 newest of 40 All 40 (JSON)