mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Synthetic Difference in Differences

arXiv 1812.09970 ↗First posted 24 Dec 2018stat.ME econ.EMcited by 41

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a new estimator for causal effects with panel data that builds on insights behind the widely used difference in differences and synthetic control methods. Relative to these methods we find, both theoretically and empirically, that this "synthetic difference in differences" estimator has desirable robustness properties, and that it performs well in settings where the conventional estimators are commonly used in practice. We study the asymptotic behavior of the estimator when the systematic part of the outcome model includes latent unit factors interacted with latent time factors, and we present conditions for consistency and asymptotic normality.

Key facts. Cited by 41 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Dec 2018.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 4; 2022: 12; 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 9; 2026: 9.

41 papers.

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  1. 2021Causal Matrix Completioncited by 45
  2. 2023Augmented balancing weights as linear regressioncited by 21
  3. 2022Counterfactual inference in sequential experimentscited by 13
  4. 2024The Impact of Large Language Models on Open-source Innovation: Evidence from GitHub Copilotcited by 13
  5. 2022Reinforcement Learning in the Wild: Scalable RL Dispatching Algorithm Deployed in Ridehailing Marketplacecited by 11
  6. 2022On counterfactual inference with unobserved confoundingcited by 10
  7. 2022Doubly robust nearest neighbors in factor modelscited by 9
  8. 2022Synthetically Controlled Banditscited by 8
  9. 2021Learning Treatment Effects in Panels with General Intervention Patternscited by 5
  10. 2022Synthetic Control As Online Linear Regressioncited by 5
  11. 2023Adaptive Principal Component Regression with Applications to Panel Datacited by 5
  12. 2022Strategyproof Decision-Making in Panel Data Settings and Beyondcited by 4
29 more
  1. 2024Doubly Robust Inference in Causal Latent Factor Modelscited by 4
  2. 2024Causal Inference with Complex Treatments: A Surveycited by 3
  3. 2022Forecasting Algorithms for Causal Inference with Panel Datacited by 2
  4. 2022Network Synthetic Interventions: A Causal Framework for Panel Data Under Network Interferencecited by 2
  5. 2023OpportunityFinder: A Framework for Automated Causal Inferencecited by 2
  6. 2025A primer on optimal transport for causal inference with observational datacited by 2
  7. 2025Identification of Average Treatment Effects in Nonparametric Panel Modelscited by 2
  8. 2025A Causal Inference Framework for Data Rich Environmentscited by 2
  9. 2020Causal Inference in Possibly Nonlinear Factor Modelscited by 1
  10. 2021Shapes as Product Differentiation: Neural Network Embedding in the Analysis of Markets for Fontscited by 1
  11. 2022Downstream Fairness Caveats with Synthetic Healthcare Datacited by 1
  12. 2022Synthetic Principal Component Design: Fast Covariate Balancing with Synthetic Controlscited by 1
  13. 2025ClusterSC: Advancing Synthetic Control with Donor Selectioncited by 1
  14. 2025The (Short-Term) Effects of Large Language Models on Unemployment and Earningscited by 1
  15. 2021Dynamic covariate balancing: estimating treatment effects over time with potential local projectionscited by 0
  16. 2022Predictor Selection for Synthetic Controlscited by 0
  17. 2025Dynamic Synthetic Controls vs. Panel-Aware Double Machine Learning for Geo-Level Marketing Impact Estimationcited by 0
  18. 2025Counterfactual Forecasting for Panel Datacited by 0
  19. 2025Synthetic Survival Control: Extending Synthetic Controls for "When-If" Decisioncited by 0
  20. 2025Strategic Response of News Publishers to Generative AIcited by 0
  21. 2026Targeted Synthetic Control Methodcited by 0
  22. 2026Exchangeable Gaussian Processes for Staggered-Adoption Policy Evaluationcited by 0
  23. 2026Estimating Visual Attribute Effects in Advertising from Observational Data: A Deepfake-Informed Double Machine Learning Approachcited by 0
  24. 2026TEA-Time: Transporting Effects Across Timecited by 0
  25. 2026Improved Guarantees for Heterogeneous Treatment-Effect Estimation via Matrix Completioncited by 0
  26. 2026Balanced Twins: Causal Inference on Time Series with Hidden Confoundingcited by 0
  27. 2026Spectral Truncation in Synthetic Controlcited by 0
  28. 2026Conformalized Rate-Adaptive Sensingcited by 0
  29. 2026Risk-Set Transported Synthetic Control with Difference-in-Differences Adjustment under Staggered Treatment Adoptioncited by 0