A Fast, Compact, Accurate Model for Language Identification of Codemixed Text
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Abstract (arXiv)
We address fine-grained multilingual language identification: providing a language code for every token in a sentence, including codemixed text containing multiple languages. Such text is prevalent online, in documents, social media, and message boards. We show that a feed-forward network with a simple globally constrained decoder can accurately and rapidly label both codemixed and monolingual text in 100 languages and 100 language pairs. This model outperforms previously published multilingual approaches in terms of both accuracy and speed, yielding an 800x speed-up and a 19.5% averaged absolute gain on three codemixed datasets. It furthermore outperforms several benchmark systems on monolingual language identification.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 3; 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
11 papers.
- 2021Scaling Up Influence Functionscited by 130
- 2023Searching for Needles in a Haystack: On the Role of Incidental Bilingualism in PaLM's Translation Capabilitycited by 62
- 2024AboutMe: Using Self-Descriptions in Webpages to Document the Effects of English Pretraining Data Filterscited by 21
- 2022Dialect-robust Evaluation of Generated Textcited by 14
- 2021Language Detection Engine for Multilingual Texting on Mobile Devicescited by 1
- 2022DAMP: Doubly Aligned Multilingual Parser for Task-Oriented Dialoguecited by 1
- 2024Computational Approaches to Arabic-English Code-Switchingcited by 1
- 2026Going PLACES: Participatory Localized Red Teaming for Text-to-Image Safety in the Global Southcited by 1
- 2022Automatic Language Identification for Celtic Textscited by 0
- 2025Detecting Latin in Historical Books with Large Language Models: A Multimodal Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026Improving Language Identification for Code-Switched Utterances with Integer Linear Programmingcited by 0
- 2026Improving Language Identification for Code-Switched Utterances with Integer Linear Programming4 Sep 2026
- 2026Going PLACES: Participatory Localized Red Teaming for Text-to-Image Safety in the Global South18 May 2026
- 2025Detecting Latin in Historical Books with Large Language Models: A Multimodal Benchmark22 Oct 2025
- 2024Computational Approaches to Arabic-English Code-Switching17 Oct 2024
- 2024AboutMe: Using Self-Descriptions in Webpages to Document the Effects of English Pretraining Data Filters12 Jan 2024
- 2023Searching for Needles in a Haystack: On the Role of Incidental Bilingualism in PaLM's Translation Capability17 May 2023
- 2022DAMP: Doubly Aligned Multilingual Parser for Task-Oriented Dialogue15 Dec 2022
- 2022Dialect-robust Evaluation of Generated Text2 Nov 2022
- 2022Automatic Language Identification for Celtic Texts9 Mar 2022
- 2021Scaling Up Influence Functions6 Dec 2021
- 2021Language Detection Engine for Multilingual Texting on Mobile Devices7 Jan 2021