Mind Your Language: Abuse and Offense Detection for Code-Switched Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
In multilingual societies like the Indian subcontinent, use of code-switched languages is much popular and convenient for the users. In this paper, we study offense and abuse detection in the code-switched pair of Hindi and English (i.e. Hinglish), the pair that is the most spoken. The task is made difficult due to non-fixed grammar, vocabulary, semantics and spellings of Hinglish language. We apply transfer learning and make a LSTM based model for hate speech classification. This model surpasses the performance shown by the current best models to establish itself as the state-of-the-art in the unexplored domain of Hinglish offensive text classification.We also release our model and the embeddings trained for research purposes
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Sep 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
11 papers.
- 2023MTTM: Metamorphic Testing for Textual Content Moderation Softwarecited by 20
- 2024User-Aware Multilingual Abusive Content Detection in Social Mediacited by 6
- 2022Hate Me Not: Detecting Hate Inducing Memes in Code Switched Languagescited by 5
- 2021Leveraging Transformers for Hate Speech Detection in Conversational Code-Mixed Tweetscited by 3
- 2023An Image is Worth a Thousand Toxic Words: A Metamorphic Testing Framework for Content Moderation Softwarecited by 3
- 2023Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection in Indo-Aryan Languages: A Battle of LSTM and Transformerscited by 3
- 2021Cisco at SemEval-2021 Task 5: What's Toxic?: Leveraging Transformers for Multiple Toxic Span Extraction from Online Commentscited by 2
- 2024Cross-lingual Offensive Language Detection: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Transfer Approaches and Challengescited by 2
- 2025Culture Matters in Toxic Language Detection in Persiancited by 1
- 2022Multilingual and Multimodal Abuse Detectioncited by 0
- 2022YZR-net : Self-supervised Hidden representations Invariant to Transformations for profanity detectioncited by 0
- 2025Culture Matters in Toxic Language Detection in Persian3 Jun 2025
- 2024User-Aware Multilingual Abusive Content Detection in Social Media26 Oct 2024
- 2024Cross-lingual Offensive Language Detection: A Systematic Review of Datasets, Transfer Approaches and Challenges17 Jan 2024
- 2023Hate Speech and Offensive Content Detection in Indo-Aryan Languages: A Battle of LSTM and Transformers9 Dec 2023
- 2023An Image is Worth a Thousand Toxic Words: A Metamorphic Testing Framework for Content Moderation Software18 Aug 2023
- 2023MTTM: Metamorphic Testing for Textual Content Moderation Software11 Feb 2023
- 2022YZR-net : Self-supervised Hidden representations Invariant to Transformations for profanity detection22 Nov 2022
- 2022Hate Me Not: Detecting Hate Inducing Memes in Code Switched Languages24 Apr 2022
- 2022Multilingual and Multimodal Abuse Detection3 Apr 2022
- 2021Leveraging Transformers for Hate Speech Detection in Conversational Code-Mixed Tweets18 Dec 2021
- 2021Cisco at SemEval-2021 Task 5: What's Toxic?: Leveraging Transformers for Multiple Toxic Span Extraction from Online Comments28 May 2021