Unsupervised Multilingual Word Embeddings
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Multilingual Word Embeddings (MWEs) represent words from multiple languages in a single distributional vector space. Unsupervised MWE (UMWE) methods acquire multilingual embeddings without cross-lingual supervision, which is a significant advantage over traditional supervised approaches and opens many new possibilities for low-resource languages. Prior art for learning UMWEs, however, merely relies on a number of independently trained Unsupervised Bilingual Word Embeddings (UBWEs) to obtain multilingual embeddings. These methods fail to leverage the interdependencies that exist among many languages. To address this shortcoming, we propose a fully unsupervised framework for learning MWEs that directly exploits the relations between all language pairs. Our model substantially outperforms previous approaches in the experiments on multilingual word translation and cross-lingual word similarity. In addition, our model even beats supervised approaches trained with cross-lingual resources.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 0; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
16 papers.
Sort:
- 2021mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Datasetcited by 116
- 2025Harnessing the Universal Geometry of Embeddingscited by 54
- 2023Hyperpolyglot LLMs: Cross-Lingual Interpretability in Token Embeddingscited by 19
- 2021Conceptual similarity and communicative need shape colexification: an experimental studycited by 14
- 2021Towards Developing a Multilingual and Code-Mixed Visual Question Answering System by Knowledge Distillationcited by 13
- 2025mini-vec2vec: Scaling Universal Geometry Alignment with Linear Transformationscited by 3
- 2021Denoising Word Embeddings by Averaging in a Shared Spacecited by 2
- 2023XNLI 2.0: Improving XNLI dataset and performance on Cross Lingual Understanding (XLU)cited by 2
- 2022Don't Forget Cheap Training Signals Before Building Unsupervised Bilingual Word Embeddingscited by 1
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languagescited by 1
- 2021Priberam Labs at the NTCIR-15 SHINRA2020-ML: Classification Taskcited by 0
- 2021Cross-language Information Retrievalcited by 0
4 more
- 2022BITS Pilani at HinglishEval: Quality Evaluation for Code-Mixed Hinglish Text Using Transformerscited by 0
- 2025Cross-Lingual Representation Alignment Through Contrastive Image-Caption Tuningcited by 0
- 2026Advancing credit mobility through stakeholder-informed AI design and adoptioncited by 0
- 2026Comparison of Modern Multilingual Text Embedding Techniques for Hate Speech Detection Taskcited by 0
- 2026Comparison of Modern Multilingual Text Embedding Techniques for Hate Speech Detection Task16 Apr 2026
- 2026Advancing credit mobility through stakeholder-informed AI design and adoption9 Jan 2026
- 2025mini-vec2vec: Scaling Universal Geometry Alignment with Linear Transformations27 Sep 2025
- 2025Cross-Lingual Representation Alignment Through Contrastive Image-Caption Tuning19 May 2025
- 2025Harnessing the Universal Geometry of Embeddings18 May 2025
- 2023Hyperpolyglot LLMs: Cross-Lingual Interpretability in Token Embeddings29 Nov 2023
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languages21 Nov 2023
- 2023XNLI 2.0: Improving XNLI dataset and performance on Cross Lingual Understanding (XLU)16 Jan 2023
- 2022BITS Pilani at HinglishEval: Quality Evaluation for Code-Mixed Hinglish Text Using Transformers17 Jun 2022
- 2022Don't Forget Cheap Training Signals Before Building Unsupervised Bilingual Word Embeddings31 May 2022
- 2021Cross-language Information Retrieval10 Nov 2021
- 2021Towards Developing a Multilingual and Code-Mixed Visual Question Answering System by Knowledge Distillation10 Sep 2021
4 more
- 2021mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Dataset31 Aug 2021
- 2021Denoising Word Embeddings by Averaging in a Shared Space5 Jun 2021
- 2021Priberam Labs at the NTCIR-15 SHINRA2020-ML: Classification Task12 May 2021
- 2021Conceptual similarity and communicative need shape colexification: an experimental study19 Mar 2021
- 2021mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Datasetcited by 116
- 2025Harnessing the Universal Geometry of Embeddingscited by 54
- 2023Hyperpolyglot LLMs: Cross-Lingual Interpretability in Token Embeddingscited by 19
- 2021Conceptual similarity and communicative need shape colexification: an experimental studycited by 14
- 2021Towards Developing a Multilingual and Code-Mixed Visual Question Answering System by Knowledge Distillationcited by 13
- 2025mini-vec2vec: Scaling Universal Geometry Alignment with Linear Transformationscited by 3
- 2021Denoising Word Embeddings by Averaging in a Shared Spacecited by 2
- 2023XNLI 2.0: Improving XNLI dataset and performance on Cross Lingual Understanding (XLU)cited by 2
- 2022Don't Forget Cheap Training Signals Before Building Unsupervised Bilingual Word Embeddingscited by 1
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languagescited by 1
- 2021Priberam Labs at the NTCIR-15 SHINRA2020-ML: Classification Taskcited by 0
- 2021Cross-language Information Retrievalcited by 0
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026Comparison of Modern Multilingual Text Embedding Techniques for Hate Speech Detection Task16 Apr 2026
- 2026Advancing credit mobility through stakeholder-informed AI design and adoption9 Jan 2026
- 2025mini-vec2vec: Scaling Universal Geometry Alignment with Linear Transformations27 Sep 2025
- 2025Cross-Lingual Representation Alignment Through Contrastive Image-Caption Tuning19 May 2025
- 2025Harnessing the Universal Geometry of Embeddings18 May 2025
- 2023Hyperpolyglot LLMs: Cross-Lingual Interpretability in Token Embeddings29 Nov 2023
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languages21 Nov 2023
- 2023XNLI 2.0: Improving XNLI dataset and performance on Cross Lingual Understanding (XLU)16 Jan 2023
- 2022BITS Pilani at HinglishEval: Quality Evaluation for Code-Mixed Hinglish Text Using Transformers17 Jun 2022
- 2022Don't Forget Cheap Training Signals Before Building Unsupervised Bilingual Word Embeddings31 May 2022
- 2021Cross-language Information Retrieval10 Nov 2021
- 2021Towards Developing a Multilingual and Code-Mixed Visual Question Answering System by Knowledge Distillation10 Sep 2021
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)