mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep-speare: A Joint Neural Model of Poetic Language, Meter and Rhyme

arXiv 1807.03491 ↗First posted 10 Jul 2018cs.CLcited by 35

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a joint architecture that captures language, rhyme and meter for sonnet modelling. We assess the quality of generated poems using crowd and expert judgements. The stress and rhyme models perform very well, as generated poems are largely indistinguishable from human-written poems. Expert evaluation, however, reveals that a vanilla language model captures meter implicitly, and that machine-generated poems still underperform in terms of readability and emotion. Our research shows the importance expert evaluation for poetry generation, and that future research should look beyond rhyme/meter and focus on poetic language.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Jul 2018.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 6; 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 6.

35 papers.

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  1. 2021FUDGE: Controlled Text Generation With Future Discriminatorscited by 374
  2. 2021Copyright in Generative Deep Learningcited by 29
  3. 2022ByGPT5: End-to-End Style-conditioned Poetry Generation with Token-free Language Modelscited by 25
  4. 2021DeepRapper: Neural Rap Generation with Rhyme and Rhythm Modelingcited by 24
  5. 2022Zero-shot Sonnet Generation with Discourse-level Planning and Aesthetics Featurescited by 24
  6. 2022PoeLM: A Meter- and Rhyme-Controllable Language Model for Unsupervised Poetry Generationcited by 22
  7. 2021Creativity and Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 21
  8. 2024Evaluating Diversity in Automatic Poetry Generationcited by 17
  9. 2023TwistList: Resources and Baselines for Tongue Twister Generationcited by 16
  10. 2024LLM-based multi-agent poetry generation in non-cooperative environmentscited by 15
  11. 2024Does ChatGPT Have a Poetic Style?cited by 12
  12. 2021Metrical Tagging in the Wild: Building and Annotating Poetry Corpora with Rhythmic Featurescited by 8
23 more
  1. 2021Prose2Poem: The Blessing of Transformers in Translating Prose to Persian Poetrycited by 7
  2. 2021Say What? Collaborative Pop Lyric Generation Using Multitask Transfer Learningcited by 7
  3. 2024Creativity in AI: Progresses and Challengescited by 7
  4. 2023PoetryDiffusion: Towards Joint Semantic and Metrical Manipulation in Poetry Generationcited by 6
  5. 2026What's the plan? Metrics for implicit planning in LLMs and their application to rhyme generation and question answeringcited by 6
  6. 2021Augmenting Poetry Composition with Verse by Versecited by 5
  7. 2023Creative Data Generation: A Review Focusing on Text and Poetrycited by 5
  8. 2021Generate and Revise: Reinforcement Learning in Neural Poetrycited by 3
  9. 2022SongRewriter: A Chinese Song Rewriting System with Controllable Content and Rhyme Schemecited by 3
  10. 2023ALBERTI, a Multilingual Domain Specific Language Model for Poetry Analysiscited by 3
  11. 2021There Once Was a Really Bad Poet, It Was Automated but You Didn't Know Itcited by 1
  12. 2021AfriKI: Machine-in-the-Loop Afrikaans Poetry Generationcited by 1
  13. 2022Modern French Poetry Generation with RoBERTa and GPT-2cited by 1
  14. 2024A Perspective on Literary Metaphor in the Context of Generative AIcited by 1
  15. 2025MetricalARGS: A Taxonomy for Studying Metrical Poetry with LLMscited by 1
  16. 2021BERTian Poetics: Constrained Composition with Masked LMscited by 0
  17. 2022Romantic-Computingcited by 0
  18. 2025The author is dead, but what if they never lived? A reception experiment on Czech AI- and human-authored poetrycited by 0
  19. 2026LLMs Got Rhythm? Hybrid Phonological Filtering for Greek Poetry Rhyme Detection and Generationcited by 0
  20. 2026Creating a digital poetcited by 0
  21. 2026Translating Classical Poetry into Modern Prosecited by 0
  22. 2026Detecting and Guiding LLM-Generated Korean Poetry with Interpretable Form-level Featurescited by 0
  23. 2026Neo-Classic: A Benchmark for Evaluating Linguistic-Aesthetic Reasoning in Classical Chinese Poetrycited by 0