Learning graphs from data: A signal representation perspective
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Abstract (arXiv)
The construction of a meaningful graph topology plays a crucial role in the effective representation, processing, analysis and visualization of structured data. When a natural choice of the graph is not readily available from the data sets, it is thus desirable to infer or learn a graph topology from the data. In this tutorial overview, we survey solutions to the problem of graph learning, including classical viewpoints from statistics and physics, and more recent approaches that adopt a graph signal processing (GSP) perspective. We further emphasize the conceptual similarities and differences between classical and GSP-based graph inference methods, and highlight the potential advantage of the latter in a number of theoretical and practical scenarios. We conclude with several open issues and challenges that are keys to the design of future signal processing and machine learning algorithms for learning graphs from data.
Key facts. Cited by 119 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 23; 2022: 24; 2023: 16; 2024: 27; 2025: 17; 2026: 12.
119 papers.
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- 2021A Survey on Graph Structure Learning: Progress and Opportunitiescited by 70
- 2022Graph Filters for Signal Processing and Machine Learning on Graphscited by 53
- 2021Learning Connectivity with Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 20
- 2021Accelerated Graph Learning from Smooth Signalscited by 16
- 2022GARNET: Reduced-Rank Topology Learning for Robust and Scalable Graph Neural Networkscited by 14
- 2024Benchmarking Positional Encodings for GNNs and Graph Transformerscited by 13
- 2021Learning Time-Varying Graphs from Online Datacited by 12
- 2024Gegenbauer Graph Neural Networks for Time-varying Signal Reconstructioncited by 12
- 2022Joint Network Topology Inference via a Shared Graphon Modelcited by 11
- 2022Restructuring Graph for Higher Homophily via Adaptive Spectral Clusteringcited by 9
- 2022Learning Hypergraphs From Signals With Dual Smoothness Priorcited by 9
- 2021Online Graph Learning under Smoothness Priorscited by 8
38 more
- 2021Temporal Graph Signal Decompositioncited by 8
- 2022Learning to Infer Structures of Network Gamescited by 8
- 2024Polynomial Graphical Lasso: Learning Edges from Gaussian Graph-Stationary Signalscited by 8
- 2024Interpretable Lightweight Transformer via Unrolling of Learned Graph Smoothness Priorscited by 8
- 2025Graph Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 8
- 2024Beyond the Federation: Topology-aware Federated Learning for Generalization to Unseen Clientscited by 7
- 2023Bures-Wasserstein Means of Graphscited by 6
- 2024HGAttack: Transferable Heterogeneous Graph Adversarial Attackcited by 6
- 2021SGL: Spectral Graph Learning from Measurementscited by 5
- 2021Sparse Graph Learning Under Laplacian-Related Constraintscited by 5
- 2022Learning Graph Structure from Convolutional Mixturescited by 5
- 2022Learning Product Graphs from Spectral Templatescited by 5
- 2022ProductGraphSleepNet: Sleep Staging using Product Spatio-Temporal Graph Learning with Attentive Temporal Aggregationcited by 5
- 2024How Does Message Passing Improve Collaborative Filtering?cited by 5
- 2021Distributionally Robust Graph Learning from Smooth Signals under Moment Uncertaintycited by 4
- 2021Laplacian Constrained Precision Matrix Estimation: Existence and High Dimensional Consistencycited by 4
- 2022Community-based anomaly detection using spectral graph filteringcited by 4
- 2022Learning Sparse Graphs via Majorization-Minimization for Smooth Node Signalscited by 4
- 2022Learning Expanding Graphs for Signal Interpolationcited by 4
- 2022An Unbiased Symmetric Matrix Estimator for Topology Inference under Partial Observabilitycited by 4
- 2022Scalable Multi-view Clustering with Graph Filteringcited by 4
- 2022Linear Combinatorial Semi-Bandit with Causally Related Rewardscited by 4
- 2023Network Topology Inference with Sparsity and Laplacian Constraintscited by 4
- 2024SAGMAN: Stability Analysis of Graph Neural Networks on the Manifoldscited by 4
- 2024Graph Structure Learning with Interpretable Bayesian Neural Networkscited by 4
- 2024Efficient Learning of Balanced Signed Graphs via Iterative Linear Programmingcited by 4
- 2021Robust Graph Learning Under Wasserstein Uncertaintycited by 3
- 2023Graph Laplacian Learning with Exponential Family Noisecited by 3
- 2023A Unified Framework for Fair Spectral Clustering With Effective Graph Learningcited by 3
- 2023Learning graphs and simplicial complexes from datacited by 3
- 2024Multiview Graph Learning with Consensus Graphcited by 3
- 2024Heterogeneous Interaction Modeling With Reduced Accumulated Error for Multi-Agent Trajectory Predictioncited by 3
- 2025Covariance Density Neural Networkscited by 3
- 2021Semi-supervised Superpixel-based Multi-Feature Graph Learning for Hyperspectral Image Datacited by 2
- 2021Learning Sparse Graph with Minimax Concave Penalty under Gaussian Markov Random Fieldscited by 2
- 2022Graph Signal Reconstruction Techniques for IoT Air Pollution Monitoring Platformscited by 2
- 2022Adaptive Estimation of Graphical Models under Total Positivitycited by 2
- 2024Optimizing k in kNN Graphs with Graph Learning Perspectivecited by 2
50 most cited of 119 All 119 (JSON)
- 2026Graph Learning with Spectral Connectivity Priors for Scarce Data23 Sep 2026
- 2026Stable Filters for Generative Modeling of Graph Signals16 Sep 2026
- 2026Role-Specific Predictive Geometries for Nonstationary Multivariate Graph-Signal Forecasting6 Sep 2026
- 2026From topology learning to graph generation: A unifying perspective2 Sep 2026
- 2026Stability of Flow Models for Graph Signals8 Jul 2026
- 2026Directed Graph Topology Inference via Graph Filter Identification25 Jun 2026
- 2026Low-rank Updates in Slowly Time-varying Graphs for Spatial-Temporal Signal Interpolation22 Jun 2026
- 2026Dynamic Elliptical Graph Factor Models via Riemannian Optimization with Geodesic Temporal Regularization18 May 2026
- 2026Sparse Graph Learning from Sparse Data via Fiedler Number Maximization28 Apr 2026
- 2026Curvature-Aware PCA with Geodesic Tangent Space Aggregation for Semi-Supervised Learning20 Apr 2026
- 2026Graph Topology Information Enhanced Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning7 Apr 2026
- 2026Stochastic Sequential Decision Making over Expanding Networks with Graph Filtering19 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2025Task-driven Heterophilic Graph Structure Learning29 Dec 2025
- 2025Topology Identification and Inference over Graphs11 Dec 2025
- 2025T2T-LA: A Topology-to-Topology LLM Agent for Graph Learning with Neither Feature Access nor Task Knowledge30 Nov 2025
- 2025Estimating Fair Graphs from Graph-Stationary Data8 Oct 2025
- 2025Lightweight Transformer for EEG Classification via Balanced Signed Graph Algorithm Unrolling3 Oct 2025
- 2025From Noise to Laws: Regularized Time-Series Forecasting via Denoised Dynamic Graphs27 Sep 2025
- 2025Learning Graph from Smooth Signals under Partial Observation: A Robustness Analysis18 Sep 2025
- 2025Multi-Dictionary Learning for Low Rank Sparse Coding12 Sep 2025
- 2025SALMAN: Stability Analysis of Language Models Through the Maps Between Graph-based Manifolds23 Aug 2025
- 2025Graph Concept Bottleneck Models19 Aug 2025
- 2025Signed Graph Learning: Algorithms and Theory13 Jul 2025
- 2025GKNet: Graph Kalman Filtering and Model Inference via Model-based Deep Learning27 Jun 2025
- 2025Efficient Learning of Balanced Signed Graphs via Sparse Linear Programming2 Jun 2025
- 2025Covariance Density Neural Networks16 May 2025
- 2025GSPRec: On Improving Item Representations in Graph Signal Processing for Collaborative Filtering15 May 2025
- 2025Heterogeneous Graph Structure Learning through the Lens of Data-generating Processes11 Mar 2025
- 2025Surrogate models for diffusion on graphs via sparse polynomials10 Feb 2025
- 2024Time-Varying Graph Learning for Data with Heavy-Tailed Distribution31 Dec 2024
- 2024Towards joint graph learning and sampling set selection from data12 Dec 2024
- 2024Benchmarking Positional Encodings for GNNs and Graph Transformers19 Nov 2024
- 2024Adversarial-Robustness-Guided Graph Pruning19 Nov 2024
- 2024Graph-Dictionary Signal Model for Sparse Representations of Multivariate Data8 Nov 2024
- 2024Heterogeneous Interaction Modeling With Reduced Accumulated Error for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction28 Oct 2024
- 2024A Review of Graph-Powered Data Quality Applications for IoT Monitoring Sensor Networks28 Oct 2024
- 2024TopER: Topological Embeddings in Graph Representation Learning2 Oct 2024
- 2024Online Proximal ADMM for Graph Learning from Streaming Smooth Signals19 Sep 2024
- 2024Fast Structured Orthogonal Dictionary Learning using Householder Reflections13 Sep 2024
- 2024Online Network Inference from Graph-Stationary Signals with Hidden Nodes13 Sep 2024
- 2024Online Learning Of Expanding Graphs13 Sep 2024
- 2024Efficient Learning of Balanced Signed Graphs via Iterative Linear Programming12 Sep 2024
- 2024GraphGuard: Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning for Credit-Card Fraud Detection in Multi-Relational Dynamic Graphs17 Jul 2024
- 2024Joint Data Inpainting and Graph Learning via Unrolled Neural Networks16 Jul 2024
- 2024Beyond the Federation: Topology-aware Federated Learning for Generalization to Unseen Clients6 Jul 2024
- 2024Graph Structure Learning with Interpretable Bayesian Neural Networks20 Jun 2024
- 2024Interpretable Lightweight Transformer via Unrolling of Learned Graph Smoothness Priors6 Jun 2024
- 2024Efficient Matrix Factorization Via Householder Reflections13 May 2024
- 2024Polynomial Graphical Lasso: Learning Edges from Gaussian Graph-Stationary Signals3 Apr 2024
- 2024Gegenbauer Graph Neural Networks for Time-varying Signal Reconstruction28 Mar 2024
50 newest of 119 All 119 (JSON)
- 2021A Survey on Graph Structure Learning: Progress and Opportunitiescited by 70
- 2022Graph Filters for Signal Processing and Machine Learning on Graphscited by 53
- 2021Learning Connectivity with Graph Convolutional Networks for Skeleton-based Action Recognitioncited by 20
- 2021Accelerated Graph Learning from Smooth Signalscited by 16
- 2022GARNET: Reduced-Rank Topology Learning for Robust and Scalable Graph Neural Networkscited by 14
- 2024Benchmarking Positional Encodings for GNNs and Graph Transformerscited by 13
- 2021Learning Time-Varying Graphs from Online Datacited by 12
- 2024Gegenbauer Graph Neural Networks for Time-varying Signal Reconstructioncited by 12
- 2022Joint Network Topology Inference via a Shared Graphon Modelcited by 11
- 2022Restructuring Graph for Higher Homophily via Adaptive Spectral Clusteringcited by 9
- 2022Learning Hypergraphs From Signals With Dual Smoothness Priorcited by 9
- 2021Online Graph Learning under Smoothness Priorscited by 8
12 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)
- 2026Graph Learning with Spectral Connectivity Priors for Scarce Data23 Sep 2026
- 2026Stable Filters for Generative Modeling of Graph Signals16 Sep 2026
- 2026Role-Specific Predictive Geometries for Nonstationary Multivariate Graph-Signal Forecasting6 Sep 2026
- 2026From topology learning to graph generation: A unifying perspective2 Sep 2026
- 2026Stability of Flow Models for Graph Signals8 Jul 2026
- 2026Directed Graph Topology Inference via Graph Filter Identification25 Jun 2026
- 2026Low-rank Updates in Slowly Time-varying Graphs for Spatial-Temporal Signal Interpolation22 Jun 2026
- 2026Dynamic Elliptical Graph Factor Models via Riemannian Optimization with Geodesic Temporal Regularization18 May 2026
- 2026Sparse Graph Learning from Sparse Data via Fiedler Number Maximization28 Apr 2026
- 2026Curvature-Aware PCA with Geodesic Tangent Space Aggregation for Semi-Supervised Learning20 Apr 2026
- 2026Graph Topology Information Enhanced Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning7 Apr 2026
- 2026Stochastic Sequential Decision Making over Expanding Networks with Graph Filtering19 Mar 2026
12 newest of 118 All 118 (JSON)