AGI Safety Literature Review
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Abstract (arXiv)
The development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) promises to be a major event. Along with its many potential benefits, it also raises serious safety concerns (Bostrom, 2014). The intention of this paper is to provide an easily accessible and up-to-date collection of references for the emerging field of AGI safety. A significant number of safety problems for AGI have been identified. We list these, and survey recent research on solving them. We also cover works on how best to think of AGI from the limited knowledge we have today, predictions for when AGI will first be created, and what will happen after its creation. Finally, we review the current public policy on AGI.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 May 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2018: 1; 2019: 0; 2020: 0; 2021: 7; 2022: 6; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 8; 2026: 1.
28 papers.
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- 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research directioncited by 438
- 2022The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 246
- 2023Can LLM-Generated Misinformation Be Detected?cited by 173
- 2021Alignment of Language Agentscited by 167
- 2022Plex: Towards Reliability using Pretrained Large Model Extensionscited by 102
- 2021Scalar reward is not enough: A response to Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton (2021)cited by 55
- 2023LoRAShear: Efficient Large Language Model Structured Pruning and Knowledge Recoverycited by 37
- 2021A Survey on AI Assurancecited by 16
- 2022Current and Near-Term AI as a Potential Existential Risk Factorcited by 14
- 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challengescited by 14
- 2021Impossibility Results in AI: A Surveycited by 13
- 2025Distributional AGI Safetycited by 8
16 more
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial timecited by 6
- 2025Thinking Beyond Tokens: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Cognitive Foundations for Artificial General Intelligence and its Societal Impactcited by 6
- 2022Should attention be all we need? The epistemic and ethical implications of unification in machine learningcited by 4
- 2024Dynamic Normativity: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Value Alignmentcited by 3
- 2021Counterfactual Planning in AGI Systemscited by 2
- 2025Why do Experts Disagree on Existential Risk and P(doom)? A Survey of AI Expertscited by 2
- 2021AI Risk Skepticismcited by 1
- 2022Technology and Consciousnesscited by 1
- 2023The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence -- Violet Teaming Offers a Balanced Path Forwardcited by 1
- 2024The Elephant in the Room -- Why AI Safety Demands Diverse Teamscited by 1
- 2025Research Superalignment Should Advance Now with Alternating Competence and Conformity Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025Winning at All Cost: A Small Environment for Eliciting Specification Gaming Behaviors in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2022Exploring the Constraints on Artificial General Intelligence: A Game-Theoretic No-Go Theoremcited by 0
- 2025Towards Integrated Alignmentcited by 0
- 2025Individual utilities of life satisfaction reveal inequality aversion unrelated to political alignmentcited by 0
- 2026Sustaining AI safety: Control-theoretic external impossibility, intrinsic necessity, and structural requirementscited by 0
- 2026Sustaining AI safety: Control-theoretic external impossibility, intrinsic necessity, and structural requirements13 May 2026
- 2025Distributional AGI Safety18 Dec 2025
- 2025Individual utilities of life satisfaction reveal inequality aversion unrelated to political alignment9 Sep 2025
- 2025Towards Integrated Alignment8 Aug 2025
- 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges25 Jul 2025
- 2025Thinking Beyond Tokens: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Cognitive Foundations for Artificial General Intelligence and its Societal Impact1 Jul 2025
- 2025Winning at All Cost: A Small Environment for Eliciting Specification Gaming Behaviors in Large Language Models7 May 2025
- 2025Research Superalignment Should Advance Now with Alternating Competence and Conformity Optimization8 Mar 2025
- 2025Why do Experts Disagree on Existential Risk and P(doom)? A Survey of AI Experts25 Jan 2025
- 2024Dynamic Normativity: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Value Alignment16 Jun 2024
- 2024The Elephant in the Room -- Why AI Safety Demands Diverse Teams7 May 2024
- 2023LoRAShear: Efficient Large Language Model Structured Pruning and Knowledge Recovery24 Oct 2023
16 more
- 2023Can LLM-Generated Misinformation Be Detected?25 Sep 2023
- 2023The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence -- Violet Teaming Offers a Balanced Path Forward28 Aug 2023
- 2022Exploring the Constraints on Artificial General Intelligence: A Game-Theoretic No-Go Theorem25 Sep 2022
- 2022Current and Near-Term AI as a Potential Existential Risk Factor21 Sep 2022
- 2022The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective30 Aug 2022
- 2022Technology and Consciousness17 Jul 2022
- 2022Plex: Towards Reliability using Pretrained Large Model Extensions15 Jul 2022
- 2022Should attention be all we need? The epistemic and ethical implications of unification in machine learning9 May 2022
- 2021Scalar reward is not enough: A response to Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton (2021)25 Nov 2021
- 2021A Survey on AI Assurance15 Nov 2021
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial time14 Nov 2021
- 2021Impossibility Results in AI: A Survey1 Sep 2021
- 2021AI Risk Skepticism2 May 2021
- 2021Alignment of Language Agents26 Mar 2021
- 2021Counterfactual Planning in AGI Systems29 Jan 2021
- 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction19 Nov 2018
- 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research directioncited by 438
- 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challengescited by 14
- 2024Dynamic Normativity: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Value Alignmentcited by 3
- 2025Research Superalignment Should Advance Now with Alternating Competence and Conformity Optimizationcited by 1
- 2025Towards Integrated Alignmentcited by 0
- 2025Towards Integrated Alignment8 Aug 2025
- 2025Alignment and Safety in Large Language Models: Safety Mechanisms, Training Paradigms, and Emerging Challenges25 Jul 2025
- 2025Research Superalignment Should Advance Now with Alternating Competence and Conformity Optimization8 Mar 2025
- 2024Dynamic Normativity: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Value Alignment16 Jun 2024
- 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction19 Nov 2018
- 2022The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspectivecited by 246
- 2023Can LLM-Generated Misinformation Be Detected?cited by 173
- 2021Alignment of Language Agentscited by 167
- 2022Plex: Towards Reliability using Pretrained Large Model Extensionscited by 102
- 2021Scalar reward is not enough: A response to Silver, Singh, Precup and Sutton (2021)cited by 55
- 2023LoRAShear: Efficient Large Language Model Structured Pruning and Knowledge Recoverycited by 37
- 2021A Survey on AI Assurancecited by 16
- 2022Current and Near-Term AI as a Potential Existential Risk Factorcited by 14
- 2021Impossibility Results in AI: A Surveycited by 13
- 2025Distributional AGI Safetycited by 8
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial timecited by 6
- 2022Should attention be all we need? The epistemic and ethical implications of unification in machine learningcited by 4
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026Sustaining AI safety: Control-theoretic external impossibility, intrinsic necessity, and structural requirements13 May 2026
- 2025Distributional AGI Safety18 Dec 2025
- 2025Individual utilities of life satisfaction reveal inequality aversion unrelated to political alignment9 Sep 2025
- 2025Winning at All Cost: A Small Environment for Eliciting Specification Gaming Behaviors in Large Language Models7 May 2025
- 2025Why do Experts Disagree on Existential Risk and P(doom)? A Survey of AI Experts25 Jan 2025
- 2024The Elephant in the Room -- Why AI Safety Demands Diverse Teams7 May 2024
- 2023LoRAShear: Efficient Large Language Model Structured Pruning and Knowledge Recovery24 Oct 2023
- 2023Can LLM-Generated Misinformation Be Detected?25 Sep 2023
- 2023The Promise and Peril of Artificial Intelligence -- Violet Teaming Offers a Balanced Path Forward28 Aug 2023
- 2022Exploring the Constraints on Artificial General Intelligence: A Game-Theoretic No-Go Theorem25 Sep 2022
- 2022Current and Near-Term AI as a Potential Existential Risk Factor21 Sep 2022
- 2022The Alignment Problem from a Deep Learning Perspective30 Aug 2022
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)