mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Phrase-Indexed Question Answering: A New Challenge for Scalable Document Comprehension

arXiv 1804.07726 ↗First posted 20 Apr 2018cs.CLcited by 23

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Abstract (arXiv)

We formalize a new modular variant of current question answering tasks by enforcing complete independence of the document encoder from the question encoder. This formulation addresses a key challenge in machine comprehension by requiring a standalone representation of the document discourse. It additionally leads to a significant scalability advantage since the encoding of the answer candidate phrases in the document can be pre-computed and indexed offline for efficient retrieval. We experiment with baseline models for the new task, which achieve a reasonable accuracy but significantly underperform unconstrained QA models. We invite the QA research community to engage in Phrase-Indexed Question Answering (PIQA, pika) for closing the gap. The leaderboard is at: nlp.cs.washington.edu/piqa

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Apr 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 4; 2023: 3; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

23 papers.

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  1. 2021PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Themcited by 200
  2. 2021Retrieving and Reading: A Comprehensive Survey on Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 178
  3. 2021The Benchmark Lotterycited by 136
  4. 2023The Generative AI Paradox: "What It Can Create, It May Not Understand"cited by 98
  5. 2024To Code, or Not To Code? Exploring Impact of Code in Pre-trainingcited by 47
  6. 2021Learning to Retrieve Passages without Supervisioncited by 46
  7. 2021Phrase-BERT: Improved Phrase Embeddings from BERT with an Application to Corpus Explorationcited by 44
  8. 2022Nonparametric Masked Language Modelingcited by 40
  9. 2021Phrase Retrieval Learns Passage Retrieval, Toocited by 33
  10. 2023Copy Is All You Needcited by 27
  11. 2021Question Answering Infused Pre-training of General-Purpose Contextualized Representationscited by 19
  12. 2021Reasoning Over Virtual Knowledge Bases With Open Predicate Relationscited by 18
11 more
  1. 2023Evaluating Embedding APIs for Information Retrievalcited by 11
  2. 2021MOLEMAN: Mention-Only Linking of Entities with a Mention Annotation Networkcited by 10
  3. 2022QA Is the New KR: Question-Answer Pairs as Knowledge Basescited by 6
  4. 2022Two-Step Question Retrieval for Open-Domain QAcited by 4
  5. 2021Simple and Efficient ways to Improve REALMcited by 3
  6. 2021EfficientQA : a RoBERTa Based Phrase-Indexed Question-Answering Systemcited by 2
  7. 2021Generative Context Pair Selection for Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 2
  8. 2025Learning Obfuscations Of LLM Embedding Sequences: Stained Glass Transformcited by 2
  9. 2022Bridging the Training-Inference Gap for Dense Phrase Retrievalcited by 1
  10. 2024Cross-lingual Contextualized Phrase Retrievalcited by 1
  11. 20261-Bit Wonder: Improving QAT Performance in the Low-Bit Regime through K-Means Quantizationcited by 1