Presentation Attack Detection for Iris Recognition: An Assessment of the State of the Art
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Abstract (arXiv)
Iris recognition is increasingly used in large-scale applications. As a result, presentation attack detection for iris recognition takes on fundamental importance. This survey covers the diverse research literature on this topic. Different categories of presentation attack are described and placed in an application-relevant framework, and the state of the art in detecting each category of attack is summarized. One conclusion from this is that presentation attack detection for iris recognition is not yet a solved problem. Datasets available for research are described, research directions for the near- and medium-term future are outlined, and a short list of recommended readings are suggested.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
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- 2021Biometrics: Trust, but Verifycited by 39
- 2022Deep Learning for Iris Recognition: A Surveycited by 25
- 2022ECG Biometric Recognition: Review, System Proposal, and Benchmark Evaluationcited by 15
- 2023Iris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) -- The 2023 Editioncited by 13
- 2021Iris Liveness Detection using a Cascade of Dedicated Deep Learning Networkscited by 9
- 2024Privacy-Safe Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 6
- 2021Introduction to Presentation Attack Detection in Iris Biometrics and Recent Advancescited by 3
- 2024Swap It Like Its Hot: Segmentation-based spoof attacks on eye-tracking imagescited by 2
- 2024Post-Mortem Human Iris Segmentation Analysis with Deep Learningcited by 2
- 2025A Multi-domain Image Translative Diffusion StyleGAN for Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 2
- 2022State Of The Art In Open-Set Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 1
- 2024VRBiom: A New Periocular Dataset for Biometric Applications of HMDcited by 1
12 more
- 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Reviewcited by 1
- 2025Iris Style Transfer: Enhancing Iris Recognition with Style Features and Privacy Preservation through Neural Style Transfercited by 1
- 2025Saliency-Guided Training for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 1
- 2025AutoSIGHT: Automatic Eye Tracking-based System for Immediate Grading of Human experTisecited by 1
- 2025SpectraIrisPAD: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Spectrally Conditioned Multispectral Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Compact Vision Models for Iris Presentation Attack Detection under Presentation Attack Instrument Shift and Environmental Degradationcited by 1
- 2021DFCANet: Dense Feature Calibration-Attention Guided Network for Cross Domain Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 0
- 2023Iris Presentation Attack: Assessing the Impact of Combining Vanadium Dioxide Films with Artificial Eyescited by 0
- 2024Training Better Deep Learning Models Using Human Saliencycited by 0
- 2026Generalist Multimodal LLMs Gain Biometric Expertise via Human Saliencecited by 0
- 2026VISER: Visually-Informed System for Enhanced Robustness in Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 0
- 2026A Dual-Stream Challenge-Response Protocol for Ocular Liveness Verificationcited by 0
- 2026Compact Vision Models for Iris Presentation Attack Detection under Presentation Attack Instrument Shift and Environmental Degradation17 Sep 2026
- 2026A Dual-Stream Challenge-Response Protocol for Ocular Liveness Verification10 Jul 2026
- 2026VISER: Visually-Informed System for Enhanced Robustness in Iris Presentation Attack Detection18 Mar 2026
- 2026Generalist Multimodal LLMs Gain Biometric Expertise via Human Salience17 Mar 2026
- 2025SpectraIrisPAD: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Spectrally Conditioned Multispectral Iris Presentation Attack Detection5 Dec 2025
- 2025A Multi-domain Image Translative Diffusion StyleGAN for Iris Presentation Attack Detection16 Oct 2025
- 2025AutoSIGHT: Automatic Eye Tracking-based System for Immediate Grading of Human experTise1 Aug 2025
- 2025Saliency-Guided Training for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection4 May 2025
- 2025Iris Style Transfer: Enhancing Iris Recognition with Style Features and Privacy Preservation through Neural Style Transfer6 Mar 2025
- 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Review14 Nov 2024
- 2024Training Better Deep Learning Models Using Human Saliency21 Oct 2024
- 2024Post-Mortem Human Iris Segmentation Analysis with Deep Learning6 Aug 2024
12 more
- 2024Privacy-Safe Iris Presentation Attack Detection5 Aug 2024
- 2024VRBiom: A New Periocular Dataset for Biometric Applications of HMD2 Jul 2024
- 2024Swap It Like Its Hot: Segmentation-based spoof attacks on eye-tracking images22 Apr 2024
- 2023Iris Presentation Attack: Assessing the Impact of Combining Vanadium Dioxide Films with Artificial Eyes21 Nov 2023
- 2023Iris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) -- The 2023 Edition6 Oct 2023
- 2022Deep Learning for Iris Recognition: A Survey12 Oct 2022
- 2022State Of The Art In Open-Set Iris Presentation Attack Detection22 Aug 2022
- 2022ECG Biometric Recognition: Review, System Proposal, and Benchmark Evaluation8 Apr 2022
- 2021Introduction to Presentation Attack Detection in Iris Biometrics and Recent Advances24 Nov 2021
- 2021DFCANet: Dense Feature Calibration-Attention Guided Network for Cross Domain Iris Presentation Attack Detection1 Nov 2021
- 2021Iris Liveness Detection using a Cascade of Dedicated Deep Learning Networks28 May 2021
- 2021Biometrics: Trust, but Verify14 May 2021
- 2021Biometrics: Trust, but Verifycited by 39
- 2022Deep Learning for Iris Recognition: A Surveycited by 25
- 2022ECG Biometric Recognition: Review, System Proposal, and Benchmark Evaluationcited by 15
- 2023Iris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) -- The 2023 Editioncited by 13
- 2021Iris Liveness Detection using a Cascade of Dedicated Deep Learning Networkscited by 9
- 2024Privacy-Safe Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 6
- 2021Introduction to Presentation Attack Detection in Iris Biometrics and Recent Advancescited by 3
- 2024Swap It Like Its Hot: Segmentation-based spoof attacks on eye-tracking imagescited by 2
- 2024Post-Mortem Human Iris Segmentation Analysis with Deep Learningcited by 2
- 2025A Multi-domain Image Translative Diffusion StyleGAN for Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 2
- 2022State Of The Art In Open-Set Iris Presentation Attack Detectioncited by 1
- 2024VRBiom: A New Periocular Dataset for Biometric Applications of HMDcited by 1
12 most cited of 23 All 23 (JSON)
- 2026Compact Vision Models for Iris Presentation Attack Detection under Presentation Attack Instrument Shift and Environmental Degradation17 Sep 2026
- 2026A Dual-Stream Challenge-Response Protocol for Ocular Liveness Verification10 Jul 2026
- 2026VISER: Visually-Informed System for Enhanced Robustness in Iris Presentation Attack Detection18 Mar 2026
- 2025SpectraIrisPAD: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Spectrally Conditioned Multispectral Iris Presentation Attack Detection5 Dec 2025
- 2025A Multi-domain Image Translative Diffusion StyleGAN for Iris Presentation Attack Detection16 Oct 2025
- 2025AutoSIGHT: Automatic Eye Tracking-based System for Immediate Grading of Human experTise1 Aug 2025
- 2025Saliency-Guided Training for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection4 May 2025
- 2025Iris Style Transfer: Enhancing Iris Recognition with Style Features and Privacy Preservation through Neural Style Transfer6 Mar 2025
- 2024Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Review14 Nov 2024
- 2024Training Better Deep Learning Models Using Human Saliency21 Oct 2024
- 2024Post-Mortem Human Iris Segmentation Analysis with Deep Learning6 Aug 2024
- 2024Privacy-Safe Iris Presentation Attack Detection5 Aug 2024
12 newest of 23 All 23 (JSON)