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Zero-Resource Translation with Multi-Lingual Neural Machine Translation

arXiv 1606.04164 ↗First posted 13 Jun 2016cs.CLcited by 46

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a novel finetuning algorithm for the recently introduced multi-way, mulitlingual neural machine translate that enables zero-resource machine translation. When used together with novel many-to-one translation strategies, we empirically show that this finetuning algorithm allows the multi-way, multilingual model to translate a zero-resource language pair (1) as well as a single-pair neural translation model trained with up to 1M direct parallel sentences of the same language pair and (2) better than pivot-based translation strategy, while keeping only one additional copy of attention-related parameters.

Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 15; 2022: 10; 2023: 7; 2024: 8; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

46 papers.

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  1. 2022Two-Stream Network for Sign Language Recognition and Translationcited by 122
  2. 2021Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages: A Surveycited by 108
  3. 2022Building Machine Translation Systems for the Next Thousand Languagescited by 69
  4. 2021Task Aligned Generative Meta-learning for Zero-shot Learningcited by 19
  5. 2021Zero-Shot Cross-lingual Semantic Parsingcited by 19
  6. 2022Towards the Next 1000 Languages in Multilingual Machine Translation: Exploring the Synergy Between Supervised and Self-Supervised Learningcited by 19
  7. 2021A Survey on Low-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 16
  8. 2023One Adapter for All Programming Languages? Adapter Tuning for Code Search and Summarizationcited by 16
  9. 2021Alternative Input Signals Ease Transfer in Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 14
  10. 2022MMTAfrica: Multilingual Machine Translation for African Languagescited by 11
  11. 2021Multilingual Translation via Grafting Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 10
  12. 2022UM4: Unified Multilingual Multiple Teacher-Student Model for Zero-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 10
34 more
  1. 2024Revealing the Parallel Multilingual Learning within Large Language Modelscited by 8
  2. 2025Bridging the Linguistic Divide: A Survey on Leveraging Large Language Models for Machine Translationcited by 8
  3. 2021Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation for Southern African Languagescited by 7
  4. 2022Multilingual Mix: Example Interpolation Improves Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 7
  5. 2021Simultaneous Multi-Pivot Neural Machine Translationcited by 6
  6. 2022Modality-Balanced Embedding for Video Retrievalcited by 6
  7. 2023Investigating Multi-Pivot Ensembling with Massively Multilingual Machine Translation Modelscited by 5
  8. 2021AUGVIC: Exploiting BiText Vicinity for Low-Resource NMTcited by 4
  9. 2022Twist Decoding: Diverse Generators Guide Each Othercited by 4
  10. 2022Building Multilingual Machine Translation Systems That Serve Arbitrary X-Y Translationscited by 4
  11. 2021ParCourE: A Parallel Corpus Explorer for a Massively Multilingual Corpuscited by 3
  12. 2024Languages Transferred Within the Encoder: On Representation Transfer in Zero-Shot Multilingual Translationcited by 3
  13. 2024CharED: Character-wise Ensemble Decoding for Large Language Modelscited by 3
  14. 2021Revisiting Language Encoding in Learning Multilingual Representationscited by 2
  15. 2023Robustness of Multi-Source MT to Transcription Errorscited by 2
  16. 2023ZRIGF: An Innovative Multimodal Framework for Zero-Resource Image-Grounded Dialogue Generationcited by 2
  17. 2023Unlikelihood Tuning on Negative Samples Amazingly Improves Zero-Shot Translationcited by 2
  18. 2023How To Build Competitive Multi-gender Speech Translation Models For Controlling Speaker Gender Translationcited by 2
  19. 2021Self-Learning for Zero Shot Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
  20. 2021CUNI systems for WMT21: Multilingual Low-Resource Translation for Indo-European Languages Shared Taskcited by 1
  21. 2022Informative Language Representation Learning for Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
  22. 2024LCS: A Language Converter Strategy for Zero-Shot Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
  23. 2024How effective is Multi-source pivoting for Translation of Low Resource Indian Languages?cited by 1
  24. 2026Sheaf-Laplacian Obstruction and Projection Hardness for Cross-Modal Compatibility on a Modality-Independent Sitecited by 1
  25. 2021Zero-Shot Language Transfer vs Iterative Back Translation for Unsupervised Machine Translationcited by 0
  26. 2021Improving Zero-shot Multilingual Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
  27. 2023Direct Neural Machine Translation with Task-level Mixture of Experts modelscited by 0
  28. 2024Defining Boundaries: The Impact of Domain Specification on Cross-Language and Cross-Domain Transfer in Machine Translationcited by 0
  29. 2024Parallel Corpus Augmentation using Masked Language Modelscited by 0
  30. 2024Improving Language Transfer Capability of Decoder-only Architecture in Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 0
  31. 2025Registering Source Tokens to Target Language Spaces in Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 0
  32. 2025A Single Model Ensemble Framework for Neural Machine Translation using Pivot Translationcited by 0
  33. 2025Scaling Laws for Conditional Emergence of Multilingual Image Captioning via Generalization from Translationcited by 0
  34. 2026Data Kernel Perspective Space Performance Guarantees for Synthetic Data from Transformer Modelscited by 0