mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Music transcription modelling and composition using deep learning

arXiv 1604.08723 ↗First posted 29 Apr 2016cs.SD cs.LGcited by 36

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Abstract (arXiv)

We apply deep learning methods, specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, to music transcription modelling and composition. We build and train LSTM networks using approximately 23,000 music transcriptions expressed with a high-level vocabulary (ABC notation), and use them to generate new transcriptions. Our practical aim is to create music transcription models useful in particular contexts of music composition. We present results from three perspectives: 1) at the population level, comparing descriptive statistics of the set of training transcriptions and generated transcriptions; 2) at the individual level, examining how a generated transcription reflects the conventions of a music practice in the training transcriptions (Celtic folk); 3) at the application level, using the system for idea generation in music composition. We make our datasets, software and sound examples open and available: urlhttps://github.com/IraKorshunova/folk-rnn.

Key facts. Cited by 36 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 5; 2023: 6; 2024: 9; 2025: 7; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Surveycited by 37
  2. 2024MuPT: A Generative Symbolic Music Pretrained Transformercited by 33
  3. 2025NotaGen: Advancing Musicality in Symbolic Music Generation with Large Language Model Training Paradigmscited by 30
  4. 2021Copyright in Generative Deep Learningcited by 29
  5. 2022Multitrack Music Transformercited by 28
  6. 2021Creativity and Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 21
  7. 2024Frechet Music Distance: A Metric For Generative Symbolic Music Evaluationcited by 15
  8. 2021Variable-Length Music Score Infilling via XLNet and Musically Specialized Positional Encodingcited by 14
  9. 2022A Review of Intelligent Music Generation Systemscited by 11
  10. 2023GTR-CTRL: Instrument and Genre Conditioning for Guitar-Focused Music Generation with Transformerscited by 11
  11. 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Surveycited by 10
  12. 2023Exploring XAI for the Arts: Explaining Latent Space in Generative Musiccited by 8
24 more
  1. 2021Is Disentanglement enough? On Latent Representations for Controllable Music Generationcited by 7
  2. 2024Emotion-driven Piano Music Generation via Two-stage Disentanglement and Functional Representationcited by 5
  3. 2022Melody Infilling with User-Provided Structural Contextcited by 4
  4. 2023ProgGP: From GuitarPro Tablature Neural Generation To Progressive Metal Productioncited by 4
  5. 2023Exploring Variational Auto-Encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AIcited by 4
  6. 2025Evaluating Human-AI Interaction via Usability, User Experience and Acceptance Measures for MMM-C: A Creative AI System for Music Compositioncited by 4
  7. 2023Exploring Sampling Techniques for Generating Melodies with a Transformer Language Modelcited by 3
  8. 2024Between the AI and Me: Analysing Listeners' Perspectives on AI- and Human-Composed Progressive Metal Musiccited by 3
  9. 2024Exploring Tokenization Methods for Multitrack Sheet Music Generationcited by 3
  10. 2022On the Typicality of Musical Sequencescited by 2
  11. 2023From Words to Music: A Study of Subword Tokenization Techniques in Symbolic Music Generationcited by 2
  12. 2024Six Dragons Fly Again: Reviving 15th-Century Korean Court Music with Transformers and Novel Encodingcited by 1
  13. 2024Symbotunes: unified hub for symbolic music generative modelscited by 1
  14. 2025Towards Hallucination-Free Music: A Reinforcement Learning Preference Optimization Framework for Reliable Song Generationcited by 1
  15. 2025Estimating Musical Surprisal from Audio in Autoregressive Diffusion Model Noise Spacescited by 1
  16. 2021Learning a Word-Level Language Model with Sentence-Level Noise Contrastive Estimation for Contextual Sentence Probability Estimationcited by 0
  17. 2021Differential Music: Automated Music Generation Using LSTM Networks with Representation Based on Melodic and Harmonic Intervalscited by 0
  18. 2021Actions Speak Louder than Listening: Evaluating Music Style Transfer based on Editing Experiencecited by 0
  19. 2022"Melatonin": A Case Study on AI-induced Musical Stylecited by 0
  20. 2025Apollo: An Interactive Environment for Generating Symbolic Musical Phrases using Corpus-based Style Imitationcited by 0
  21. 2025Training chord recognition models on artificially generated audiocited by 0
  22. 2025Perceptually Aligning Representations of Music via Noise-Augmented Autoencoderscited by 0
  23. 2026Anchored Cyclic Generation: A Novel Paradigm for Long-Sequence Symbolic Music Generationcited by 0
  24. 2026Which Constraints Are Missing? Ask the Verifier: Graded Rewards for Constraint-Following Music Generationcited by 0