Near-Optimal UGC-hardness of Approximating Max k-CSP_R

In this paper, we prove an almost-optimal hardness for Max k-CSPR based on Khot's Unique Games Conjecture (UGC). In Max k-CSPR, we are given a set of predicates each of which depends on exactly k variables. Each variable can take any value from 1, 2, dots, R. The goal is to find an assignment to variables that maximizes the number of satisfied predicates. Assuming the Unique Games Conjecture, we show that it is NP-hard to approximate Max k-CSPR to within factor 2O(k log k)(log R)k/2/Rk - 1 for any k, R. To the best of our knowledge, this result improves on all the known hardness of approximation results when 3 ≤ k = o(log R/log log R). In this case, the previous best hardness result was NP-hardness of approximating within a factor O(k/Rk-2) by Chan. When k = 2, our result matches the best known UGC-hardness result of Khot, Kindler, Mossel and O'Donnell. In addition, by extending an algorithm for Max 2-CSPR by Kindler, Kolla and Trevisan, we provide an Omega(log R/Rk - 1)-approximation algorithm for Max k-CSPR. This algorithm implies that our inapproximability result is tight up to a factor of 2O(k log k)(log R)k/2 - 1. In comparison, when 3 ≤ k is a constant, the previously known gap was O(R), which is significantly larger than our gap of O(polylog R). Finally, we show that we can replace the Unique Games Conjecture assumption with Khot's d-to-1 Conjecture and still get asymptotically the same hardness of approximation.