Structured Generative Models of Natural Source Code
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We study the problem of building generative models of natural source code (NSC); that is, source code written and understood by humans. Our primary contribution is to describe a family of generative models for NSC that have three key properties: First, they incorporate both sequential and hierarchical structure. Second, we learn a distributed representation of source code elements. Finally, they integrate closely with a compiler, which allows leveraging compiler logic and abstractions when building structure into the model. We also develop an extension that includes more complex structure, refining how the model generates identifier tokens based on what variables are currently in scope. Our models can be learned efficiently, and we show empirically that including appropriate structure greatly improves the models, measured by the probability of generating test programs.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Jan 2014.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 2; 2023: 6; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
19 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
- 2022A Survey on Deep Graph Generation: Methods and Applicationscited by 69
- 2021Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Contextcited by 63
- 2023Large Language Model-Aware In-Context Learning for Code Generationcited by 42
- 2021Controlling Conditional Language Models without Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 32
- 2021Learning to Complete Code with Sketchescited by 23
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkitcited by 22
- 2021Neural Program Generation Modulo Static Analysiscited by 13
- 2021Energy-Based Models for Code Generation under Compilability Constraintscited by 10
- 2022Learning Intermediate Representations using Graph Neural Networks for NUMA and Prefetchers Optimizationcited by 9
- 2024Efficacy of Various Large Language Models in Generating Smart Contractscited by 4
7 more
- 2021Learning to Extend Program Graphs to Work-in-Progress Codecited by 3
- 2023Towards a Neural Lambda Calculus: Neurosymbolic AI Applied to the Foundations of Functional Programmingcited by 2
- 2023Learning UI-to-Code Reverse Generator Using Visual Critic Without Renderingcited by 1
- 2024Aligning language models with human preferencescited by 1
- 2025Call Me Maybe: Enhancing JavaScript Call Graph Construction using Graph Neural Networkscited by 1
- 2023Serenity: Library Based Python Code Analysis for Code Completion and Automated Machine Learningcited by 0
- 2023A Study of Variable-Role-based Feature Enrichment in Neural Models of Codecited by 0
- 2025Call Me Maybe: Enhancing JavaScript Call Graph Construction using Graph Neural Networks22 Jun 2025
- 2024Efficacy of Various Large Language Models in Generating Smart Contracts28 Jun 2024
- 2024Aligning language models with human preferences18 Apr 2024
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkit30 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Language Model-Aware In-Context Learning for Code Generation15 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning UI-to-Code Reverse Generator Using Visual Critic Without Rendering24 May 2023
- 2023Towards a Neural Lambda Calculus: Neurosymbolic AI Applied to the Foundations of Functional Programming18 Apr 2023
- 2023A Study of Variable-Role-based Feature Enrichment in Neural Models of Code8 Mar 2023
- 2023Serenity: Library Based Python Code Analysis for Code Completion and Automated Machine Learning5 Jan 2023
- 2022A Survey on Deep Graph Generation: Methods and Applications13 Mar 2022
- 2022Learning Intermediate Representations using Graph Neural Networks for NUMA and Prefetchers Optimization1 Mar 2022
- 2021Controlling Conditional Language Models without Catastrophic Forgetting1 Dec 2021
7 more
- 2021Neural Program Generation Modulo Static Analysis26 Oct 2021
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Models16 Aug 2021
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code7 Jul 2021
- 2021Learning to Complete Code with Sketches18 Jun 2021
- 2021Energy-Based Models for Code Generation under Compilability Constraints9 Jun 2021
- 2021Learning to Extend Program Graphs to Work-in-Progress Code28 May 2021
- 2021Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Context21 Mar 2021
- 2024Aligning language models with human preferencescited by 1
- 2024Aligning language models with human preferences18 Apr 2024
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
- 2022A Survey on Deep Graph Generation: Methods and Applicationscited by 69
- 2021Language-Agnostic Representation Learning of Source Code from Structure and Contextcited by 63
- 2023Large Language Model-Aware In-Context Learning for Code Generationcited by 42
- 2021Controlling Conditional Language Models without Catastrophic Forgettingcited by 32
- 2021Learning to Complete Code with Sketchescited by 23
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkitcited by 22
- 2021Neural Program Generation Modulo Static Analysiscited by 13
- 2021Energy-Based Models for Code Generation under Compilability Constraintscited by 10
- 2022Learning Intermediate Representations using Graph Neural Networks for NUMA and Prefetchers Optimizationcited by 9
- 2024Efficacy of Various Large Language Models in Generating Smart Contractscited by 4
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2025Call Me Maybe: Enhancing JavaScript Call Graph Construction using Graph Neural Networks22 Jun 2025
- 2024Efficacy of Various Large Language Models in Generating Smart Contracts28 Jun 2024
- 2023Deep Learning for Code Intelligence: Survey, Benchmark and Toolkit30 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Language Model-Aware In-Context Learning for Code Generation15 Oct 2023
- 2023Learning UI-to-Code Reverse Generator Using Visual Critic Without Rendering24 May 2023
- 2023Towards a Neural Lambda Calculus: Neurosymbolic AI Applied to the Foundations of Functional Programming18 Apr 2023
- 2023A Study of Variable-Role-based Feature Enrichment in Neural Models of Code8 Mar 2023
- 2023Serenity: Library Based Python Code Analysis for Code Completion and Automated Machine Learning5 Jan 2023
- 2022A Survey on Deep Graph Generation: Methods and Applications13 Mar 2022
- 2022Learning Intermediate Representations using Graph Neural Networks for NUMA and Prefetchers Optimization1 Mar 2022
- 2021Controlling Conditional Language Models without Catastrophic Forgetting1 Dec 2021
- 2021Neural Program Generation Modulo Static Analysis26 Oct 2021
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)