mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BRANCH: Bypassing Multi-Scanner AI Guardrails

arXiv 2610.10742 ↗First posted 7 Oct 2026cs.CR cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

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Abstract (arXiv)

AI systems increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) as core reasoning engines, making them targets for prompt injection and jailbreaks. Guardrails monitor and validate model inputs and outputs, yet their isolated, task-focused detection leaves gaps in their classification making them susceptible to bypasses. In response, guardrail systems formed by multiple scanners have emerged that collaboratively detect different types of malicious instructions, whereby shared latent representations across classification boundaries render established bypassing techniques ineffective. We propose BRANCH, a bypassing methodology designed for multi-scanner guardrail systems. Our method leverages a branching tree search approach that dynamically applies adversarial perturbation against individual scanners, with subsequent perturbation optimization and technique selection based on overall improvement across all guardrail system scanners, effectively decoupling bypass evaluation from attack signal optimization. Our findings demonstrate that BRANCH achieves 100% attack success rate across 6 guardrail systems in 120 scenarios with 72% fewer queries and 4.5x reduced wallclock time compared to established techniques, while preserving semantic meaning within the bypass. We also show how bypasses generated by BRANCH transfer to 29 unseen guardrails, including 8 commercial black-box guardrails, improving attack success in some cases up to 100% with no additional optimization.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 19 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Oct 2026.

Builds on

19 of 48 references.

References · 19

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2019Is BERT Really Robust? A Strong Baseline for Natural Language Attack on Text Classification and Entailmentcited by 663
  3. 2020BERT-ATTACK: Adversarial Attack Against BERT Using BERTcited by 488
  4. 2018Generating Natural Language Adversarial Examplescited by 422
  5. 2023NeMo Guardrails: A Toolkit for Controllable and Safe LLM Applications with Programmable Railscited by 347
  6. 2018Black-box Generation of Adversarial Text Sequences to Evade Deep Learning Classifierscited by 341
  7. 2022A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real Worldcited by 337
  8. 2024ShieldGemma: Generative AI Content Moderation Based on Gemmacited by 224
  9. 2019Combating Adversarial Misspellings with Robust Word Recognitioncited by 162
  10. 2025LlamaFirewall: An open source guardrail system for building secure AI agentscited by 114
  11. 2024A New Era in LLM Security: Exploring Security Concerns in Real-World LLM-based Systemscited by 74
  12. 2024Safeguarding Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 73
7 more
  1. 2024Current state of LLM Risks and AI Guardrailscited by 44
  2. 2019Natural Language Adversarial Defense through Synonym Encodingcited by 39
  3. 2024An Early Categorization of Prompt Injection Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 28
  4. 2025Comparative Analysis of LLM Abliteration Methods: A Cross-Architecture Evaluationcited by 8
  5. 2018Why Do Adversarial Attacks Transfer? Explaining Transferability of Evasion and Poisoning Attackscited by 4
  6. 2026Prompt Overflow: What the Guardrail Inspects Is Not What the Model Inferscited by 3
  7. 2026Behind the Refusal: Determining Guardrail Activation via Behavioral Monitoringcited by 1

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  1. 2025No Free Lunch with Guardrails
  2. 2026Beyond Unsafe Detection: Counterfactually Anchored Evidence Attribution for Multi-Turn LLM Safety Failures
  3. 2026Do Safety Guardrails Need to Reason? LeanGuard: A Fast and Light Approach for Robust Moderation
  4. 2026Benchmarking Jailbreak Guardrails for Embodied Agents
  5. 2026SingGuard-NSFA: Extensible Guardrails for Agentic AI via Generative Reasoning and Real-Time Classification
  6. 2026BARRED: Synthetic Training of Custom Policy Guardrails via Asymmetric Debate
  7. 2026PL-Guard: Probabilistic Logic Reasoning for LLM Guardrails
  8. 2026Test-Time Training Undermines Safety Guardrails