A Pre-trained Variational Autoencoder for Gyrokinetic Plasma Turbulence Surrogate Modeling

Machine learning surrogate models offer a promising path toward accelerating plasma turbulence simulations. We present PreVAE-Turb, a surrogate modeling framework that leverages pre-trained variational autoencoders (VAEs) from the Stable Diffusion image generation model for efficient spatial compression of turbulence fields. The pre-trained VAE is fine-tuned on turbulence data using a physics-informed loss function that includes a spectral loss operating in Fourier space to enforce spectral accuracy across scales. The VAE is combined with convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) networks to learn temporal dynamics in latent space, with a manifold consistency error metric that monitors encode--decode consistency during autoregressive rollouts. We validate the framework on two-dimensional Hasegawa-Wakatani drift-wave turbulence and extend it to gyrokinetic turbulence from the GENE code, where a four-channel adaptation simultaneously predicts electrostatic potential, density, and parallel/perpendicular temperature fluctuations without requiring architecture redesign. Once trained, inference generates thousands of time steps in seconds on a single GPU, providing substantial computational acceleration compared to direct numerical simulation. The pre-trained approach offers a transferable methodology broadly applicable to various turbulence simulation codes.