Beyond Token Importance: Preserving Spatial Scaffolds for Efficient Vision-Language-Action Inference
On the map: Vision-language-action models → 3D and spatial-aware VLA also fits: Efficient VLA inference and adaptation
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing VLA pruning strategies primarily select individual visual tokens according to task-level semantic relevance, while overlooking the spatial information required for robotic manipulation. To examine this limitation, we construct a simple Stride baseline that uniformly samples tokens along the flattened one-dimensional visual sequence, representing a purely geometric pruning strategy. Surprisingly, Stride outperforms semantic pruning and random pruning at certain pruning ratios, but collapses when the token budget is only slightly reduced. We characterize this phenomenon through the spatial coverage radius, defined as the largest spatial blind spot induced by the retained token set after pruning. Our analysis reveals a strong correlation between the spatial structure of retained tokens and task success, suggesting that reliable VLA pruning requires preserving not only task-relevant tokens but also the spatial scaffold of the scene. Motivated by this diagnosis, we propose GeoScaffold, a training-free visual token pruning method that partitions each image into spatial regions, allocates inter-region token budgets using task-relevance weights, and selects intra-region scaffold tokens via farthest point sampling to reduce the local coverage radius. On pi 0.5 and LIBERO, GeoScaffold retains only 20% of visual tokens while preserving a 93.2% average success rate, and achieves a 1.78 times prefill speedup over the unpruned baseline.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D and spatial-aware VLA, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 25 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2026.
Builds on
25 of 26 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2025GeoVLA: Empowering 3D Representations in Vision-Language-Action Models12 Aug
- 2025SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Model27 Jan
- 2024TraceVLA: Visual Trace Prompting Enhances Spatial-Temporal Awareness for Generalist Robotic Policies13 Dec
Other references · 22
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
- 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Controlcited by 2,297
- 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,007
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
- 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
- 2023Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Modelscited by 849
- 2025Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Successcited by 844
- 2024RDT-1B: a Diffusion Foundation Model for Bimanual Manipulationcited by 670
- 2024An Image is Worth 1/2 Tokens After Layer 2: Plug-and-Play Inference Acceleration for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 629
- 2024SparseVLM: Visual Token Sparsification for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inferencecited by 378
10 more
- 2024GR-2: A Generative Video-Language-Action Model with Web-Scale Knowledge for Robot Manipulationcited by 290
- 2025DreamVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Dreamed with Comprehensive World Knowledgecited by 203
- 2024DeeR-VLA: Dynamic Inference of Multimodal Large Language Models for Efficient Robot Executioncited by 116
- 2024ATP-LLaVA: Adaptive Token Pruning for Large Vision Language Modelscited by 89
- 2025EfficientVLA: Training-Free Acceleration and Compression for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 89
- 2025VLA-Cache: Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulation via Adaptive Token Cachingcited by 83
- 2025RoboGround: Robotic Manipulation with Grounded Vision-Language Priorscited by 50
- 2025Action-aware Dynamic Pruning for Efficient Vision-Language-Action Manipulationcited by 32
- 2025Fast-in-Slow: A Dual-System Foundation Model Unifying Fast Manipulation within Slow Reasoningcited by 28
- 2025Spatial Policy: Guiding Visuomotor Robotic Manipulation with Spatial-Aware Modeling and Reasoningcited by 9
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