CORDIAL: Calibrating Ordinal LLM Outputs from Few Labels
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Abstract (arXiv)
A large language model (LLM) can turn a text into a distribution over an ordered scale, but that distribution is a noisy measurement: saturated, compressed or exaggerated, and biased in a consistent direction. We propose CORDIAL, which treats the model's output as a noisy reading of the true label and corrects it with a channel of five interpretable parameters. The channel is small enough for its posterior to be averaged from a handful of labels, and we prove that the resulting calibration preserves first-order stochastic order. On Amazon reviews and CMU-MOSEI transcripts with four LLMs, CORDIAL has the lowest log loss among nine calibrators in 76 of 80 settings with 5 to 100 labels; with 20 labels and the main 7B reader, it matches the strongest baseline using 28-54 labels. The same posterior lets us learn priors from other tasks and fuse several LLMs. Unrestricted calibrators such as Dirichlet calibration overtake it only as the calibration set grows into the hundreds or thousands.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2026.
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References · 15
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,860
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
- 2022Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Knowcited by 1,783
- 2021Calibrate Before Use: Improving Few-Shot Performance of Language Modelscited by 1,371
- 2023Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Language Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedbackcited by 788
- 2019Beyond temperature scaling: Obtaining well-calibrated multiclass probabilities with Dirichlet calibrationcited by 359
- 2023Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Reality Checkcited by 262
- 2023Batch Calibration: Rethinking Calibration for In-Context Learning and Prompt Engineeringcited by 91
- 2021Combining Human Predictions with Model Probabilities via Confusion Matrices and Calibrationcited by 40
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