The Last Human Gate: Forward Deployed Engineering for Governance Automation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Enterprise governance requires decisions, evidence, and accountable authority; it does not require every review task to retain its current human implementation. We develop a task-substitution framework for Digital Governance Frameworks (DGF), treating each gate as an executable contract. Substitution requires sufficient accessible information, valid decision and authority checks, and a reduction in total human work after exceptions, verification, correction, and maintenance are counted. We derive a residual-work threshold and show why automating most cases can still increase labor. Forward deployed engineering connects these conditions to an architecture for agents, rule engines, evidence services, and escalation. DGF-Bench supplies controlled evidence from 300 synthetic projects and 899 evaluable model-project runs. Gemini 3.8 Flash, GPT-5.6 Luna, and DeepSeek v4.1 Flash achieve strict gate success of 94.98%, 83.29%, and 74.18%; complete-route success is 76.92%, 42.33%, and 24.67%. A deterministic control passes all 1,700 gates given the supplied rules and structured facts, locating the comparison in execution of a supplied decision kernel. Evidence audits and 135 repeated runs distinguish correct decisions from reliable execution. A document counterexample establishes an information-sufficiency obstruction. These results support the technical feasibility of replacing human execution of specified governance-review tasks with agents and software. The framework specifies a workforce test based on the complete human effort required at fixed output and quality; the present measurements concern review performance. Sources, dossiers, traces, and analyses are public.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2026.
Builds on
8 of 14 references.
References · 8
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,402
- 2023Enabling Large Language Models to Generate Text with Citationscited by 595
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
- 2021Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Modelscited by 256
- 2024AI Agents That Mattercited by 219
- 2025ITBench: Evaluating AI Agents across Diverse Real-World IT Automation Taskscited by 51
- 2026Agentic Business Process Management: A Research Manifestocited by 8
- 2026Chaining Tasks, Redefining Work: A Theory of AI Automationcited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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