Framing by Wording, Framing by Selection: A Large-Scale Two-Dimensional Audit of French News Headlines, 2022-2025
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Abstract (arXiv)
News headlines frame public issues both by what they select and by how they word it, yet computational framing work typically collapses these operations into a single score. We introduce a two-dimensional framework that separates salience framing, measured through four wording devices (loaded vocabulary, blame attribution, threat framing, rhetorical question), from selection framing, measured through outlet-level story-form and high-charge distributions. We build a 10,000-headline French supervision set using three LLM annotators with majority-vote resolution and human arbitration, validate the labels against two annotator-independent blind human studies, and apply the strongest classifier to 902,111 deduplicated headlines from 25 French outlets (2022-2025). Three main findings emerge. First, salience and selection divergence are positively correlated yet leave nearly half of outlet-level variance unexplained, populating interpretively distinct off-diagonal cells in a four-cell outlet typology. Second, default classification thresholds systematically inflate corpus-level salience estimates; a precision-floor recalibration protocol corrects this distortion. Third, group-mention analysis reveals sharply unequal salience contexts: headlines mentioning Jews, the Far-right, and Muslims carry the highest detected salience rates, which broad event-context composition does not fully explain (residuals are descriptive, not same-event causal estimates; per-group lexicon precision is reported alongside). To our knowledge, this is the largest framing-focused French headline audit to date; we release the supervision set, lexicons, and analysis code.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Aug 2026.
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6 of 50 references.
References · 6
- 2023ChatGPT Outperforms Crowd-Workers for Text-Annotation Taskscited by 849
- 2020We Can Detect Your Bias: Predicting the Political Ideology of News Articlescited by 92
- 2019In Plain Sight: Media Bias Through the Lens of Factual Reportingcited by 68
- 2022The Goldilocks of Pragmatic Understanding: Fine-Tuning Strategy Matters for Implicature Resolution by LLMscited by 57
- 2022Neural Media Bias Detection Using Distant Supervision With BABE -- Bias Annotations By Expertscited by 54
- 2021Modeling Framing in Immigration Discourse on Social Mediacited by 37
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