You Only Need 2/3 of the Chosen Experts: An Empirical Study of Dynamic Expert Pruning in Fine-Grained MoE LLMs
On the map: Mixture-of-experts → MoE large language models also fits: Expert routing strategies
Abstract (arXiv)
Fine-grained mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures have become a mainstream design for open-weight LLMs, with hundreds of experts and increasingly many selected per token. This shift makes dynamic expert pruning an attractive route to cheaper inference. Yet existing evidence comes largely from coarser architectures and likelihood-scored multiple-choice benchmarks, leaving three central questions open in the fine-grained regime: how redundant per-token expert selection is, how effectively existing pruning methods exploit that redundancy, and what governs a model's sensitivity to pruning. We fill this gap with a systematic empirical study of twelve fine-grained MoE checkpoints spanning nine architecture families, with a core suite of eleven benchmarks covering knowledge QA, mathematics, code generation, and general reasoning. We find that expert selection is far more redundant than the field's operating points assume: uniformly retaining about two thirds of the selected experts preserves 98.8% of unpruned performance on average, requiring only a one-integer change and delivering 1.2-1.7x measured speedup across two serving backends. This simple baseline leaves little room for dynamic allocation at conservative budgets: even the best published rules differ from it by under 1% at matched expert budgets. Their value emerges under aggressive pruning, where the best rules recover up to 3.0% over uniform truncation, with gains concentrated in the generative tasks that suffer the sharpest degradation. Sensitivity to aggressive pruning also depends on the model: larger and thinking models are more resilient, whereas multimodal models are more vulnerable. Together, these findings reveal how much expert computation fine-grained MoEs can dispense with, and establish when dynamic allocation earns its complexity, informing both practical deployment and future pruning methods.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MoE large language models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 38 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Sep 2026.
Builds on
38 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 9
Same direction, newest first
- 2026DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligence26 Apr
- 2025DiEP: Adaptive Mixture-of-Experts Compression through Differentiable Expert Pruning19 Sep
- 2025EAC-MoE: Expert-Selection Aware Compressor for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models3 Aug
- 2024DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model7 May
- 2024Not All Experts are Equal: Efficient Expert Pruning and Skipping for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models22 Feb
- 2024DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models11 Jan
- 2024Mixtral of Experts8 Jan
- 2020GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding30 Jun
- 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layer23 Jan
Other references · 29
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- 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,183
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- 2018VizWiz Grand Challenge: Answering Visual Questions from Blind Peoplecited by 858
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- 2024LMMs-Eval: Reality Check on the Evaluation of Large Multimodal Modelscited by 353
- 2024MME-RealWorld: Could Your Multimodal LLM Challenge High-Resolution Real-World Scenarios that are Difficult for Humans?cited by 292
- 2026Gemma 4 Technical Reportcited by 259
- 2026The MiniMax-M2 Series: Mini Activations Unleashing Max Real-World Intelligencecited by 61
- 2024SEER-MoE: Sparse Expert Efficiency through Regularization for Mixture-of-Expertscited by 40
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