mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

CodeMidas: Scaling Agentic Coding RL Environments from Code Itself

arXiv 2609.22068 ↗First posted 18 Sep 2026cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Training capable coding agents via reinforcement learning (RL) requires diverse tasks with reliable verifiers. Open-source codebases offer a rich source of such tasks, while existing methods typically rely on development artifacts such as issues and commits, limiting the range of tasks that can be extracted. To better scale RL environments, we present CodeMidas, an agentic pipeline that turns implemented functionality in existing codebases into executable RL environments using source code as its only task-specific input. CodeMidas allocates agentic compute to every stage of environment construction: agents explore implemented functionality to formulate behavioral specifications, construct tests grounded in execution of the original code, and validate and filter candidate tasks through execution checks and repeated solution rollouts. The resulting dataset has 5,545 training tasks from 3,185 open-source codebases spanning 23 programming languages and 15 technical domains. Training MiMo-V2.5 on these tasks with GRPO improves performance on all five diverse benchmarks, covering issue repair (DeepSWE + 11.7%), whole-program construction (ProgramBench +17%), and terminal work (Terminal-Bench v2.1 +8.5%). Ablations show that increasing the number of high-quality training tasks improves performance. Trajectory analysis shows the RL-trained agent demonstrates better behaviors like increasing codebase exploration and more diverse self-verification. These results establish source code as a scalable foundation for constructing RL environments that improve coding agents across diverse software tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 28 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2026.

Builds on

28 of 33 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026MindForge: Teaching Small Language Models Whole-Life-Cycle Software Engineering via Source-Free Program Synthesis29 Jul
  2. 2026RepoZero: Can LLMs Generate a Code Repository from Scratch?8 May
  3. 2026SWE-Shepherd: Advancing PRMs for Reinforcing Code Agents12 Apr
  4. 2026SWE-Next: Scalable Real-World Software Engineering Tasks for Agents21 Mar
  5. 2026SWE-Hub: A Unified Production System for Scalable, Executable Software Engineering Tasks28 Feb
  6. 2026SWE-rebench V2: Language-Agnostic SWE Task Collection at Scale27 Feb
  7. 2026Immersion in the GitHub Universe: Scaling Coding Agents to Mastery10 Feb
  8. 2026Agentic Rubrics as Contextual Verifiers for SWE Agents7 Jan
  9. 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agents30 Apr
  10. 2024OpenHands: An Open Platform for AI Software Developers as Generalist Agents23 Jul
  11. 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering6 May

Other references · 17

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  3. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  4. 2023Is Your Code Generated by ChatGPT Really Correct? Rigorous Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code Generationcited by 1,332
  5. 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 963
  6. 2026Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfacescited by 515
  7. 2024StarCoder 2 and The Stack v2: The Next Generationcited by 484
  8. 2022CodeT: Code Generation with Generated Testscited by 369
  9. 2022CodeRL: Mastering Code Generation through Pretrained Models and Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 342
  10. 2025SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?cited by 254
  11. 2025SWE-RL: Advancing LLM Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning on Open Software Evolutioncited by 246
  12. 2025ACECODER: Acing Coder RL via Automated Test-Case Synthesiscited by 89
5 more
  1. 2025Are "Solved Issues" in SWE-bench Really Solved Correctly? An Empirical Studycited by 47
  2. 2026ProgramBench: Can Language Models Rebuild Programs From Scratch?cited by 47
  3. 2025SWE-Flow: Synthesizing Software Engineering Data in a Test-Driven Mannercited by 18
  4. 2026SWE-Universe: Scale Real-World Verifiable Environments to Millionscited by 16
  5. 2026daVinci-Env: Open SWE Environment Synthesis at Scalecited by 13

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026CodeScout: An Effective Recipe for Reinforcement Learning of Code Search Agents
  2. 2025Generalizable End-to-End Tool-Use RL with Synthetic CodeGym
  3. 2025Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Real-World Code Repair
  4. 2026Cross-Benchmark Transfer from RL on Agentic Coding Tasks
  5. 2026LEGO-RL: Harness-Native Reinforcement Learning for Coding Agents
  6. 2025Toward Training Superintelligent Software Agents through Self-Play SWE-RL
  7. 2025KAT-Coder Technical Report
  8. 2026Teaching Agents to Code Reliably