mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Geopolitical Divisions Across Languages in Large Language Models

arXiv 2609.20005 ↗First posted 17 Sep 2026cs.AI cs.CL cs.CYcited by 0

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

People increasingly turn to AI chatbots for news and explanations of world events. But do they receive the same political answers when they ask in different languages? Here we show that the language of a question can change how the same AI systems assess the war in Ukraine. We ask GPT, Claude and Gemini to evaluate twenty statements about the war in 112 languages, collecting 67,200 responses. The balance between Russia-leaning and Ukraine-leaning responses differs across languages. When we group responses by countries' official languages, they follow a pattern resembling worldwide political divisions: relatively more Russia-leaning answers correspond to more favourable public views of Russia, less support for Ukraine in United Nations votes, and less aid to Ukraine. The broad pattern recurs across all three models and remains when individual statement pairs are removed. Our findings suggest a possible route through which information warfare may shape the text used to train AI models, which may in turn spread geopolitical biases.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2026.

Builds on

9 of 24 references.

References · 9

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2016Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biasescited by 894
  3. 2023Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?cited by 759
  4. 2023Towards Measuring the Representation of Subjective Global Opinions in Language Modelscited by 424
  5. 2023Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 153
  6. 2023Cultural Bias and Cultural Alignment of Large Language Modelscited by 149
  7. 2024On the Conversational Persuasiveness of Large Language Models: A Randomized Controlled Trialcited by 105
  8. 2022Russian propaganda on social media during the 2022 invasion of Ukrainecited by 15
  9. 2023How User Language Affects Conflict Fatality Estimates in ChatGPTcited by 4

Built on by

Not cited yet.