mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MeRoTune: RoPE-Safe Merging with a Tunable Dial

arXiv 2609.07971 ↗First posted 7 Sep 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

When you merge two fine-tuned models from the same base checkpoint by simply averaging their weights, you implicitly assume their attention subspaces are still aligned. Recent work attempts to fix misalignments by learning an invertible correction matrix, M, for each model's query and key projections. This correction cancels out---using M on the query side and M-T on the key side---right before the dot product. However, this cancellation is only exact if nothing sits between the projection and the dot product. In reality, almost all modern open-weight language models put a rotary position embedding (RoPE) exactly there. In this paper, we show that this cancellation is exact under RoPE if and only if M commutes with RoPE's per-position rotation. We derive the specific class of matrices where this holds: a scaled rotation acting independently within each RoPE frequency pair. This forms a strict, low-dimensional subset of the unconstrained matrices that current methods normally train. Building on this, we turn this constrained matrix class into a new merging method. While keeping the base weights entirely frozen, two fine-tunes each learn their own RoPE-compliant correction matrices. We optimize these corrections against a chosen blend ratio so the final result can be adjusted post-hoc like a dial, rather than locked into a single fixed merge. Our default approach trains at one fixed blend ratio, similar to how LoRA sets its scaling hyperparameter in advance. We also experiment with resampling the blend ratio randomly at every training step, and we report the results of both approaches.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Sep 2026.

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15 of 19 references.

References · 15

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  3. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  4. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
  5. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
  6. 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
  7. 2022Editing Models with Task Arithmeticcited by 1,076
  8. 2023TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging Modelscited by 795
  9. 2023C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Modelscited by 694
  10. 2023Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunchcited by 679
  11. 2024Arcee's MergeKit: A Toolkit for Merging Large Language Modelscited by 189
  12. 2024Model Stock: All we need is just a few fine-tuned modelscited by 87
3 more
  1. 2024INCLUDE: Evaluating Multilingual Language Understanding with Regional Knowledgecited by 78
  2. 2026Model Merging in the Era of Large Language Models: Methods, Applications, and Future Directionscited by 6
  3. 2026Scaling Linear Mode Connectivity and Merging to Billion Parameter Pretrained Transformerscited by 2

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