A Cloud-Based Hybrid Model for Real-Time Detection of BRTA-Approved Licence Plates Using YOLO Tiny and Haar Cascade

Accurate vehicle license plate detection is essential for applications such as intelligent transportation systems, toll collection, parking management, and law enforcement. In Bangladesh, this task presents distinct challenges due to the complexity of localized license plates and environmental factors like lighting, occlusion, motion blur, and obstructions such as dirt or mud. These challenges often render conventional methods ineffective. This paper introduces a novel hybrid approach, combining the YOLO Tiny deep learning model with the Haar-Cascade classifier, for enhanced detection and localization of Bengali license plates. A key innovation of our system is the integration of a dynamic retraining pipeline, which allows the model to adapt to evolving real-world conditions. This retraining mechanism significantly boosts performance in low-confidence scenarios by continuously improving the model's accuracy as new data is encountered. Additionally, a publicly accessible dataset of BRTA-compliant license plates, captured under diverse and challenging conditions, has been developed to support this approach. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach not only achieves superior detection accuracy and computational efficiency over conventional models but also ensures consistent performance in resource-constrained environments, particularly in Bangladesh.