Compressing AI Traffic: Standardized Neural Network Coding of Visual-Token Representations in Split Vision-Language Inference
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Visual token pruning and efficiency
Abstract (arXiv)
When the visual encoder and the language decoder of a vision-language model (VLM) run on different compute nodes, the intermediate visual-token embeddings become a communicated payload rather than an internal activation. We call such machine-consumed intermediate tensors AI traffic and ask how far they can be compressed with a standardized, training-free codec. We insert ISO/IEC 15938-17 Neural Network Coding (NNC) round trips on the complete visual interface of a Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct video question answering pipeline, comprising the main visual-token representation and the DeepStack feature streams, while leaving weights, prompts, and generation untouched, and sweep the quantization parameter (QP) over a wide rate range. Closed-ended Video-MME accuracy remains close to the uncompressed reference up to a 98% reduction of the transmitted BF16 tensor and only then collapses; open-ended MLVU generation shows the same plateau-and-collapse profile under an LLM judge. This robustness is not due to near-lossless reconstruction: the decoded tensor is heavily discretized, carries substantial row-wise relative L2 error, and has a visibly steeper singular-value decay than its source. Downstream reasoning therefore depends on coarse structure and relative geometry rather than exact floating-point values, which argues for rate-task rather than rate-distortion optimization of AI traffic codecs.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Visual token pruning and efficiency, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 7 of its 10 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2026.
Builds on
7 of 10 references.
References · 7
- 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,375
- 2024MLVU: Benchmarking Multi-task Long Video Understandingcited by 275
- 2019BottleNet++: An End-to-End Approach for Feature Compression in Device-Edge Co-Inference Systemscited by 94
- 2020Video Coding for Machines: A Paradigm of Collaborative Compression and Intelligent Analyticscited by 80
- 2018Deep feature compression for collaborative object detectioncited by 48
- 2019DeepCABAC: A Universal Compression Algorithm for Deep Neural Networkscited by 26
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026One Token per Highly Selective Frame: Towards Extreme Compression for Long Video Understanding
- 2025Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Models
- 2026VETO: Video Efficient Token Optimization for Vision Language Models
- 2026Beyond Selection: Token Parameterization for Extreme Visual Token Compression
- 2026Rethinking Token Reduction for Large Vision-Language Models
- 2025QG-VTC: Question-Guided Visual Token Compression in MLLMs for Efficient VQA
- 2026VisCo: Leveraging Large Language Models as Intrinsic Encoders for Visual Token Compression
- 2025A Glimpse to Compress: Dynamic Visual Token Pruning for Large Vision-Language Models