Do Not Copy/Paste: Soft Barriers for Copying in AI-Assisted Programming
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Abstract (arXiv)
Copying a function from a chat window into an editor takes less than a second. For many uses of AI coding tools, that speed is the point; in settings such as programming education, code review, and security-sensitive development, it can also be the problem. This paper frames copy-paste as an AI code handoff problem: the moment model-generated text crosses from a conversational context into executable or committed software is a design boundary that current tools leave largely unmanaged. We argue that AI coding assistants should not only be evaluated by the code they generate, but also by how they mediate the transfer of that code into software artifacts. We propose soft barriers as one class of handoff-aware mechanisms. Soft barriers preserve access to AI assistance while making unexamined transfer less frictionless. As an initial technical probe, we instantiate this idea using Unicode output perturbations that preserve visual readability but disrupt naive copy-paste execution. We introduce Copy-Paste Resistance (CPR), the fraction of functionally correct clean solutions that become syntactically invalid after perturbation. Across HumanEval and MBPP with four LLMs and four perturbation families, we find that output-level barriers can achieve high copy-paste resistance, but their effectiveness is highly model- and task-dependent. An exploratory pilot with 18 participants provides early evidence that soft barriers can shift users from direct transfer toward editing and reconstruction. We do not present Unicode perturbations as a deployment-ready solution; rather, we use them as a minimal probe for a broader research agenda on practical, transparent, and policy-aware AI code handoff.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Aug 2026.
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References · 10
- 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
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- 2025How Do Programming Students Use Generative AI?cited by 10
- 2025Memorization or Interpolation ? Detecting LLM Memorization through Input Perturbation Analysiscited by 5
- 2026Correctness isnt Efficiency: Runtime Memory Divergence in LLM-Generated Codecited by 4
- 2026How Secure is Secure Code Generation? Adversarial Prompts Put LLM Defenses to the Testcited by 4
- 2026Learned or Memorized ? Quantifying Memorization Advantage in Code LLMscited by 4
- 2025Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Graph-aware Large Language Models (LLMs)cited by 3
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