mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Mixture-of-Expert Blocks Contain Strong Hallucination Detection Signals

arXiv 2608.17687 ↗First posted 18 Aug 2026cs.AI cs.LGcited by 0

On the map: Mixture-of-experts → MoE large language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Despite their widespread use, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain limited by a fundamental problem: the generation of plausible but false content, known as hallucinations. Most existing detection methods operate at the answer or sentence level, yet per-token detection is essential for localizing hallucinated spans and enabling fine-grained interventions. In this paper, we explore the use of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) paradigm to address this gap. In MoE architectures, a single forward pass activates a sparse subset of experts (i.e., distinct feedforward networks per layer) via a routing mechanism, producing internal signals (e.g., router entropy, expert disagreement, and expert usage patterns) that are unavailable in dense architectures and have not been previously exploited for hallucination detection. To this end, we introduce InnerExpert, the first method to leverage these MoE-specific signals for per-token hallucination detection. InnerExpert combines routing-level and standard transformer signals into compact per-token feature vectors, classified by a lightweight detector trained on labels produced by an LLM-as-a-judge pipeline, which enables continuous model updates without manual annotation. Our results show that InnerExpert outperforms existing methods across five datasets and two MoE architectures, achieving up to 0.91 answer-level and 0.76 token-level AUROC, while requiring only a single forward pass.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MoE large language models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 14 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2026.

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14 of 33 references.

References · 14

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  8. 2024INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detectioncited by 323
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  10. 2024Semantic Entropy Probes: Robust and Cheap Hallucination Detection in LLMscited by 259
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  12. 2024TruthX: Alleviating Hallucinations by Editing Large Language Models in Truthful Spacecited by 91
2 more
  1. 2025Shh, don't say that! Domain Certification in LLMscited by 7
  2. 2025Extracting Uncertainty Estimates from Mixtures of Experts for Semantic Segmentationcited by 6

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  1. 2026Scalable Token-Level Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
  2. 2026Predictive Coding and Information Bottleneck for Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
  3. 2026Beyond the Global Scores: Fine-Grained Token Grounding as a Robust Detector of LVLM Hallucinations
  4. 2026BEACON: Behavioral Entropy Aggregation for Cross-Model Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
  5. 2024Detecting and Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision Language Models via Fine-Grained AI Feedback
  6. 2025D2HScore: Reasoning-Aware Hallucination Detection via Semantic Breadth and Depth Analysis in LLMs
  7. 2026HalluSAE: Detecting Hallucinations in Large Language Models via Sparse Auto-Encoders
  8. 2026Domain-Specific Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models