Hallucination Span Detection with Input-Side Evidence Alignment
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Abstract (arXiv)
Hallucinations remain a major obstacle to the reliable use of large language models (LLMs) in conditional text generation. Existing methods primarily assess the factuality of an entire generated text, providing limited insight into which output spans are hallucinated or how they relate to the input. We introduce the task of hallucination span detection with input-side evidence alignment, which jointly identifies hallucinated spans and aligns output tokens with the corresponding input evidence. Our approach is based on the observation that faithful output tokens are predictable from the input, whereas hallucinated tokens are not. We therefore train an encoder-based model to predict masked output tokens from the input representation, using prediction confidence for hallucination detection while naturally producing alignments to the input. Experiments show that the proposed method effectively detects hallucinated spans and identifies meaningful input-side evidence. Human evaluation confirms the quality of the predicted alignments.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Aug 2026.
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References · 13
- 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,605
- 2017Get To The Point: Summarization with Pointer-Generator Networkscited by 1,292
- 2024Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inferencecited by 554
- 2023RAGTruth: A Hallucination Corpus for Developing Trustworthy Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 283
- 2020SimAlign: High Quality Word Alignments without Parallel Training Data using Static and Contextualized Embeddingscited by 156
- 2019Simple BERT Models for Relation Extraction and Semantic Role Labelingcited by 154
- 2024Fine-grained Hallucination Detection and Editing for Language Modelscited by 149
- 2024On Large Language Models' Hallucination with Regard to Known Factscited by 43
- 2025LettuceDetect: A Hallucination Detection Framework for RAG Applicationscited by 34
- 2021Neural semi-Markov CRF for Monolingual Word Alignmentcited by 16
- 2023Unbalanced Optimal Transport for Unbalanced Word Alignmentcited by 6
- 2025Span-Level Hallucination Detection for LLM-Generated Answerscited by 5
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- 2025Learning to Reason for Hallucination Span Detectioncited by 5
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- 2026Beyond Document Grounding: Span-Level Hallucination Detection over Code, Tool Output, and Documents
- 2025HalluSearch at SemEval-2025 Task 3: A Search-Enhanced RAG Pipeline for Hallucination Detection
- 2026Decomposed Entailment for Factuality Checking and Hallucination Detection
- 2026Scalable Token-Level Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
- 2025REFIND at SemEval-2025 Task 3: Retrieval-Augmented Factuality Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models
- 2024THaMES: An End-to-End Tool for Hallucination Mitigation and Evaluation in Large Language Models
- 2026Domain-Specific Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models