When Denoising Hurts: Rethinking the Terminal Step of Diffusion Time Series Forecasters -- Extended Version
On the map: Diffusion models → Flow matching, time series and science
Abstract (arXiv)
Diffusion models offer a natural way to model uncertainty in time series forecasting, yet their iterative sampling process is often treated as a uniformly beneficial refinement procedure. Our study challenges this view by examining how forecast quality evolves throughout reverse diffusion. We find that general temporal structure is often recovered at relatively high noise levels, whereas continued low-noise refinement can introduce statistical drift and degrade the final forecast. Our analysis further suggests that this behavior explains why prior methods often favor relatively narrow diffusion architecture and schedule design. Building on this observation, we propose a label-free global stopping criterion that detects the optimal termination point, eventually speeding up inference and improving predictive accuracy. Additionally, since early stopping terminates inference in high-noise regions, we propose a Bernoulli timestep sampler that concentrates training on this region while preserving coverage of the full diffusion process. Extensive experiments conducted across eight real-world datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared to existing approaches.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Flow matching, time series and science, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 17 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Aug 2026.
Builds on
17 of 30 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2024ANT: Adaptive Noise Schedule for Time Series Diffusion Models18 Oct
- 2024TimeDiT: General-purpose Diffusion Transformers for Time Series Foundation Model3 Sep
- 2024Diffusion-TS: Interpretable Diffusion for General Time Series Generation4 Mar
- 2021CSDI: Conditional Score-based Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Imputation7 Jul
- 2021Autoregressive Denoising Diffusion Models for Multivariate Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting28 Jan
Other references · 12
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
- 2020Informer: Beyond Efficient Transformer for Long Sequence Time-Series Forecastingcited by 2,169
- 2022A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformerscited by 2,039
- 2021Autoformer: Decomposition Transformers with Auto-Correlation for Long-Term Series Forecastingcited by 1,676
- 2022FEDformer: Frequency Enhanced Decomposed Transformer for Long-term Series Forecastingcited by 1,210
- 2017DeepAR: Probabilistic Forecasting with Autoregressive Recurrent Networkscited by 1,013
- 2017Modeling Long- and Short-Term Temporal Patterns with Deep Neural Networkscited by 879
- 2024Chronos: Learning the Language of Time Seriescited by 759
- 2019N-BEATS: Neural basis expansion analysis for interpretable time series forecastingcited by 753
- 2023Long-term Forecasting with TiDE: Time-series Dense Encodercited by 332
- 2023DINOISER: Diffused Conditional Sequence Learning by Manipulating Noisescited by 50
- 2022Empowering Diffusion Models on the Embedding Space for Text Generationcited by 40
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- 2025Diffusion Models for Time Series Forecasting: A Survey
- 2024Series-to-Series Diffusion Bridge Model
- 2023Predict, Refine, Synthesize: Self-Guiding Diffusion Models for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting