Your LLM, Your Style: Behavioral Mode Axes for LLM Behavioral Control
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly act in interactive settings where their behavioral styles affect user experience, safety, and downstream decision making. Existing LLM personality studies largely rely on self-report questionnaires administered in first-person settings, making the resulting profiles sensitive to surface elicitation choices and poorly grounded in concrete model behavior. In this work, we introduce a situated behavioral-data (B-data) framework for studying and controlling LLM behavioral personality. We construct 3,200 contrastive behavioral scenarios spanning 20 behavioral patterns and four prompt registers, grounded in validated psychometric facets such as BFI-2, DOSPERT, and HEXACO. Using this framework, we find that LLMs exhibit stable and model-specific behavioral profiles, while also revealing register-dependent shifts across first-person decisions, advice-giving, and task execution. We then show that these behavioral patterns can be controlled through Behavioral Mode Axes (BMAs), activation-space directions derived from contrastive behavioral traces. Compared with response-derived BMAs, which are more prone to trait drift, thought-derived BMAs more faithfully capture the intended behavioral mechanism and provide cleaner control over situated behavioral styles. Our results suggest that LLM personality-like tendencies are better understood not as abstract self-report traits, but as measurable and controllable behavioral modes grounded in concrete interaction contexts. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/lhz191/LLM-Behavioral-Personality.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2026.
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10 of 22 references.
References · 10
- 2023Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Additioncited by 1,085
- 2023Steering Language Models With Activation Engineeringcited by 922
- 2025Persona Vectors: Monitoring and Controlling Character Traits in Language Modelscited by 345
- 2025Large Language Models Often Know When They Are Being Evaluatedcited by 128
- 2025Large Language Model Psychometrics: A Systematic Review of Evaluation, Validation, and Enhancementcited by 45
- 2025The Personality Illusion: Revealing Dissociation Between Self-Reports & Behavior in LLMscited by 36
- 2025Persistent Instability in LLM's Personality Measurements: Effects of Scale, Reasoning, and Conversation Historycited by 26
- 2024Identifying and Manipulating Personality Traits in LLMs Through Activation Engineeringcited by 14
- 2025Exploring the Impact of Personality Traits on LLM Bias and Toxicitycited by 14
- 2024Rediscovering the Latent Dimensions of Personality with Large Language Models as Trait Descriptorscited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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