Improving Interoperability among Defence and National Security Ontologies: Analysis and Evaluation Tasks

The use of ontologies and knowledge graphs is becoming increasingly widespread in the defence and national security domain. Numerous ontologies have been developed through initiatives led by academia, industry, and government. Achieving interoperability across diverse defence and national security ontologies remains a major challenge due to the domain's breadth and specialisation. In this work, we analyse and document over 60 publicly available ontologies and introduce a new track for the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI). This track comprises eight matching tasks, consensus alignments and manually-curated (silver-standard) mappings. The consensus alignments are derived by aggregating the outputs of several state-of-the-art ontology alignment systems. The silver-standard is obtained from the manual validation of the consensus alignment together with a subset of the unique mappings (i.e., mappings suggested by only one system).