When Do Fewer Visual Tokens Accelerate Multimodal Inference? A Break-Even Study Across Decision Locations and Hardware
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Abstract (arXiv)
Fewer visual tokens do not guarantee lower end-to-end latency. We evaluate break-even with a reproducible protocol that accounts for decision overhead, shared work, and the operators each policy can avoid. A stage-level decomposition reconciles these components with measured end-to-end latency. In a 30-example pilot, the two tested autoregressive probes remain slower than Full despite state reuse. A lightweight post-vision predictor yields paired confidence intervals below zero on RTX 3090 and A100 and remains significant after a conservative all-pairs Holm correction. A pre-vision image-size rule also yields intervals below zero on both GPUs, although neither comparison remains significant after the same correction. Pre-vision routing has a structural opportunity unavailable to post-vision pruning: it can avoid preprocessing and vision encoding. On A100, this opportunity outweighs a nearly eightfold larger downstream token reduction by the post-vision policy. Reported quality is conditional on examples answered correctly by Full and is not benchmark accuracy.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2026.
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References · 11
- 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,499
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- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,705
- 2022ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoningcited by 1,461
- 2024LLaVA-PruMerge: Adaptive Token Reduction for Efficient Large Multimodal Modelscited by 394
- 2024SparseVLM: Visual Token Sparsification for Efficient Vision-Language Model Inferencecited by 381
- 2024TokenPacker: Efficient Visual Projector for Multimodal LLMcited by 171
- 2024Fit and Prune: Fast and Training-free Visual Token Pruning for Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 125
- 2025AdaptVision: Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisitioncited by 19
- 2026ResAdapt: Adaptive Resolution for Efficient Multimodal Reasoningcited by 8
- 2025CARES: Context-Aware Resolution Selector for VLMscited by 5
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- 2026Token-Disentangled Latent Test-Time Scaling for Vision-Language Reasoning
- 2025VScan: Rethinking Visual Token Reduction for Efficient Large Vision-Language Models
- 2026Seeing without Looking: Do Vision-Language Benchmarks Really Test Vision?
- 2026VisionPulse: Dynamic Visual Sparsity for Efficient Multimodal Reasoning
- 2024Inference Optimal VLMs Need Fewer Visual Tokens and More Parameters
- 2026Beyond Independent Optimization: Compression, MoE Routing, and Quantization Interactions in Multimodal Edge Intelligence
- 2025Unleashing Perception-Time Scaling to Multimodal Reasoning Models