Process-Knowledge-Embedded Safe DRL for Real-Time Dispatch of Process Loads in Industrial Microgrids

Steelmaking process loads (SPLs) are flexible resources that enhance local renewable-energy utilization and reduce electricity procurement costs in industrial microgrids. However, strong multistage coupling makes current decisions affect subsequent feasibility, challenging conventional deep reinforcement learning to reduce costs while maintaining process feasibility throughout production. This paper proposes a process-knowledge-embedded safe deep reinforcement learning framework for the real-time dispatch of SPLs in industrial microgrids. Specifically, a lossless active-frontier action space is constructed, and a process-distance-guided action-processing mechanism reallocates excluded-action probabilities according to process distance and the actor's safe-action preference. Recursive process feasibility is established to guarantee admissible execution and feasible continuation. Furthermore, the expected process-correction distance is incorporated into PPO through a correction budget and a primal-dual update to internalize process knowledge into the raw policy, while a derived bound quantifies the raw policy's dependence on safety processing. Case studies using real-world data demonstrate zero process losses, electricity-cost reductions of 49.2% and 25.9% relative to rule-based scheduling and rolling MILP, respectively, within an acceptable computation time.