Windowed-MTP: Removing the Full-Context Draft-KV Tax at Million-Token Context
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Speculative decoding
Abstract (arXiv)
Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive generation by having a cheap draft propose tokens that a target verifies in parallel. Frontier models increasingly ship a built-in Multi-Token-Prediction (MTP/NEXTN) draft head under the assumption that the draft is negligibly cheap. At million-token context this breaks: an MTP draft head typically runs full attention over the entire KV cache at every draft step, so its read grows linearly with context and comes to dominate the draft cost -- precisely where speculation is most valuable. The effect compounds with draft length (a deep native draft can turn net-negative, slower than no speculation) and sharpens under hybrid/linear-attention targets, where cheaper verification leaves the draft's full-attention read exposed. We apply a StreamingLLM-style sliding window plus attention sink to the draft's attention only (Windowed-MTP), leaving full-attention verification intact. It is training-free, drop-in, and lossless by construction: the full-attention target still decides every accepted token, so windowing changes only which tokens are proposed, never which are accepted. It bounds the draft's KV working set to a constant, dropping ~99% of KV entries at 1M. Across three architecture families (Qwen GDN-MoE 35B/122B and a Mamba2-hybrid NoPE 120B) at 1M context on a single GPU in SGLang, windowing cuts the per-decode-step cost over the shipping native MTP draft by +28% to +44%, an input-invariant margin that widens with context. Since per-token latency is this cost divided by acceptance length, at matched acceptance end-to-end decode latency improves by the same amount, and more where windowing also lifts acceptance, while preserving the target's verified output distribution. Finally, the unread draft KV -- 7.7-11% of total KV at 1M -- is reclaimed via a compact ring buffer at no acceptance or quality cost.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Speculative decoding, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 23 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jul 2026.
Builds on
23 of 27 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Attention Drift: What Autoregressive Speculative Decoding Models Learn11 May
- 2026DFlash: Block Diffusion for Flash Speculative Decoding5 Feb
- 2025SpecExtend: A Drop-in Enhancement for Speculative Decoding of Long Sequences27 May
- 2025EAGLE-3: Scaling up Inference Acceleration of Large Language Models via Training-Time Test3 Mar
- 2025LongSpec: Long-Context Lossless Speculative Decoding with Efficient Drafting and Verification24 Feb
- 2024MagicDec: Breaking the Latency-Throughput Tradeoff for Long Context Generation with Speculative Decoding20 Aug
- 2024EAGLE-2: Faster Inference of Language Models with Dynamic Draft Trees24 Jun
- 2024EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature Uncertainty26 Jan
- 2024Medusa: Simple LLM Inference Acceleration Framework with Multiple Decoding Heads19 Jan
- 2023Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling2 Feb
- 2022Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding30 Nov
Other references · 12
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
- 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,616
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,581
- 2023Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinkscited by 2,115
- 2024Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Dualitycited by 1,283
- 2024RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?cited by 1,270
- 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,107
- 2023Extending Context Window of Large Language Models via Positional Interpolationcited by 721
- 2023YaRN: Efficient Context Window Extension of Large Language Modelscited by 584
- 2024Quest: Query-Aware Sparsity for Efficient Long-Context LLM Inferencecited by 487
- 2024LongBench v2: Towards Deeper Understanding and Reasoning on Realistic Long-context Multitaskscited by 367
- 2024BABILong: Testing the Limits of LLMs with Long Context Reasoning-in-a-Haystackcited by 211
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- 2026DEdit: Iterative Draft Editing for Speculative Decoding
- 2025Fail Fast, Win Big: Rethinking the Drafting Strategy in Speculative Decoding via Diffusion LLMs
- 2026TAPS: Task Aware Proposal Distributions for Speculative Sampling
- 2025FastEagle: Cascaded Drafting for Accelerating Speculative Decoding
- 2026Make Every Draft Count: Hidden State based Speculative Decoding
- 2026LongSpark: Efficient speculative decoding with a fixed-cost parallel drafter
- 2025Steering Pretrained Drafters during Speculative Decoding
- 2026DeLS-Spec: Decoupled Long-Short Contexts for Parallel Speculative Drafting