A Classifier That Teaches Itself: Self-Improving, Frozen-gate Training (SIFT) for Dynamic Document Classification
On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → Self-training for few-shot NLP
Abstract (arXiv)
Document classification is a solved problem in the laboratory and an unsolved one in the enterprise. The blocker is rarely model architecture; it is the labeling project that must precede a model and the institutional fear of letting a model retrain itself once one exists. We present SIFT (Self-Improving, Frozen-gate Training), a dynamic classifier service, which attacks both. SIFT serves classification from a deliberately cheap, CPU-bound pipeline, a SPLADE sparse encoder feeding a LightGBM head, and escalates only the low-confidence minority of pages to an LLM judge. The judge's verdicts are written back into a labeled corpus, so the expensive model continuously teaches the cheap one: the escalation rate falls, the corpus grows from production traffic rather than from an up-front annotation effort, and accuracy compounds with use. Onboarding a new document family requires only a declarative bundle, label space, anchor phrases, and a judge glossary, not a labeling project. The harder problem is safety: an autonomously retraining classifier can silently regress. SIFT resolves this with a two-part promote gate, a critical-label F1 regression check plus a frozen golden regression set the model is never trained on, either of which vetoes promotion. This turns "retrain monthly without a human" from reckless into routine. We describe the architecture, the self-feeding corpus loop, the frozen-gate promotion mechanism, and an illustrative multi-domain deployment, and we discuss the economics of a classifier whose marginal labeling cost trends toward zero.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Self-training for few-shot NLP, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 5 of its 11 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jul 2026.
Builds on
5 of 11 references.
References · 5
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
- 2021SPLADE: Sparse Lexical and Expansion Model for First Stage Rankingcited by 283
- 2024Enhancing Text Classification through LLM-Driven Active Learning and Human Annotationcited by 20
- 2025Applying LLMs to Active Learning: Towards Cost-Efficient Cross-Task Text Classification without Manually Labeled Datacited by 2
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- 2026MonkeyOCRv2: A Visual-Text Foundation Model for Document AI
- 2025Automatic Labelling with Open-source LLMs using Dynamic Label Schema Integration
- 2025Generative or Discriminative? Revisiting Text Classification in the Era of Transformers
- 2024Self-Training for Sample-Efficient Active Learning for Text Classification with Pre-Trained Language Models
- 2024Enhancing Low-Resource LLMs Classification with PEFT and Synthetic Data