BatteryLake: Agentic, Physics-Grounded Curation of Heterogeneous Battery Aging Data and Benchmarking

Public battery aging datasets are a critical asset for advanced health management, but their practical use is often limited by inconsistent formats, unclear schemas, and metadata scattered across repositories and publications. Current curation remains largely manual and hard to reproduce, while general-purpose data integration tools miss the domain-specific semantics of electrochemical time-series data. We present BatteryLake, a governed data lakehouse that turns raw public battery data into benchmark-ready assets through an agentic, physics-grounded curation framework, with three contributions. First, LLM agents extract metadata and synthesize dataset-specific converters, grounding every output in verbatim evidence and abstaining when none supports a value. Second, a human-in-the-loop mechanism frames verification as selective prediction and gates admitted data through 26 schema, statistical, and physical-plausibility rules. Third, we release an open benchmark of 41 datasets from over 25 institutions, with standardized SOH and RUL tasks, three split protocols, and eight baseline model families. The platform, benchmark, and curation protocol are publicly available at https://tianwen1209.github.io/batterylake/.