Selecting Interpretable Circular Coordinates from Data

Circular coordinates obtained from persistent cohomology reveal loop structure in data, but they usually remain abstract: A detected circle does not tell us which measured angle, phase, torsion, or decoder explains it. We propose a method for selecting interpretable circle-valued coordinates from a user-supplied dictionary of scientifically meaningful candidates explaining the detected cohomology. In the continuous setting, each candidate is represented by the cohomology class of its pulled-back angular form, and selecting a minimum-energy set of candidates spanning the relevant H1 subspace becomes a minimum-weight basis problem in a vector matroid. We then introduce CIRCOL, a method for discrete point clouds sampled from the manifold. We prove that the introduced cochain inner product is a consistent estimator of the L2 inner product of fixed smooth 1-forms under non-uniform sampling. The resulting projection matrix both helps selecting a basis of low-energy dictionary coordinates and diagnoses topologically trivial candidates or unexplained persistent classes. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of our method on synthetic examples, on molecular simulations, and neural recordings of head-direction cells.