Hybrid Unet-Transformer Model for Generating Stress and Strain Fields from Composite Geometrics

Accurate prediction of stress and strain fields in hierarchical composite microstructures is critical for physics-informed material design, yet conventional finite element method (FEM) simulations are computationally prohibitive at scale, requiring minutes to days per evaluation. In this work, we propose a hybrid UNet-Transformer architecture that predicts complex mechanical field distributions directly from composite microstructure geometry images, serving as an efficient surrogate for FEM across ten distinct stress and strain field types spanning diverse two-phase composite configurations including square, hexagonal, and triangular tessellations, multiple boundary conditions, and high-resolution geometries. Results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves strong predictive performance across the majority of subdatasets, with peak accuracy on periodic tessellation geometries reaching R2=0.9991, SSIM=0.9936, and MAE=0.0050 on the boundary condition subdataset and the triangular tessellation subdataset respectively. Across six of the eight evaluated subdatasets, MAE remains below 0.05 on the normalized [0,1] pixel scale. Encoder attention analysis via Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++ confirms that the model develops physically meaningful internal representations, localizing attention at mechanically critical regions including phase boundaries, ligament junctions, and indenter contact zones without explicit structural supervision. Performance degrades on irregular square-grid geometries with sparse soft-phase inclusions, with the S11 normal stress subdataset yielding R2=0.7735 and SSIM=0.7126, consistent with the known limitation of smooth-loss image translation models in reproducing sharp stress discontinuities.