Forewarned is Forearmed: When Non-Sequential Embedding Turns Into an Anomaly Detector
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper offers an in-depth analysis of non-sequential multimodal sentence-level embeddings, with a particular focus on the SONAR model. We demonstrate that certain embedding dimensions are sensitive to perturbations and can serve as indicators of decoding anomalies. By leveraging the consistency between successive encoding and decoding, we successfully build an accurate detector. Additionally, we explore modifying specific dimensions of interest to attempt to correct them. This work underscores the importance of understanding and analyzing the embeddings themselves to enhance the reliability of multimodal representations.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jun 2026.
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References · 14
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- 2020Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embeddingcited by 627
- 2015Listen, Attend and Spellcited by 543
- 2023SONAR: Sentence-Level Multimodal and Language-Agnostic Representationscited by 108
- 2024Large Concept Models: Language Modeling in a Sentence Representation Spacecited by 89
- 2024LLMs Will Always Hallucinate, and We Need to Live With Thiscited by 78
- 2022SAMU-XLSR: Semantically-Aligned Multimodal Utterance-level Cross-Lingual Speech Representationcited by 32
- 2024BESTOW: Efficient and Streamable Speech Language Model with the Best of Two Worlds in GPT and T5cited by 19
- 2025Semantic Energy: Detecting LLM Hallucination Beyond Entropycited by 18
- 2019Audio-Linguistic Embeddings for Spoken Sentencescited by 15
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