Auditing LLM-Governed Social Robots with Culture-Specific Moral Gradients
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Abstract (arXiv)
LLM-governed social robots increasingly decide who receives real-world assistance first. As prioritization norms vary across cultures by age, status, and group size, failure to calibrate pluralistically can scale into unequal access. Yet LLM moral audits remain English-centered, rarely test embodied contexts, leaving pluralistic calibration as an urgent diagnostic gap amid intensifying LLM-robot deployment. We introduce a gradient-based audit framework for multilingual evaluation of LLM moral trade-off behavior against cultural preference gradients. Grounded in nine cross-domain social robotics reviews (>8,000 papers), we derive symmetry-controlled scenarios across care, education, and services, translating the Moral Machine Experiment's "whom to spare" into "whom to assist first" dilemmas with preserved identity trade-offs (many vs. few; young vs. old; higher vs. lower status). We audit four LLMs across four country-language pairs in four prompting regimes (57,600 decisions), benchmarked against country-specific MME preference gradients. Ordinal concordance tests whether models differentiate cultural contexts; a governance typology maps vulnerabilities in gradient differentiation, directional tendency, and deliberation. We find persistent, culturally asymmetric gradient tracking failures that prompting alone cannot reliably correct: quality calibration is nearly twice as strong for Western-language decisions as for Chinese and Japanese; high determinism in majority-first trade-offs often erases cross-cultural gradients; partial sensitivity to age- and status-based norms risks sidelining minorities. Prompting effects are uneven; only contrastive exemplars yield consistent gains, while reasoning-only prompts can worsen tracking. Our results motivate multilingual, pluralistic audits as an LLM-robot pre-deployment gate and suggest model factors are a more robust lever than prompting alone.
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References · 8
- 2023Assessing Cross-Cultural Alignment between ChatGPT and Human Societies: An Empirical Studycited by 204
- 2019Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AIcited by 135
- 2019Artificial Intelligence: the global landscape of ethics guidelinescited by 107
- 2023Ethical Reasoning over Moral Alignment: A Case and Framework for In-Context Ethical Policies in LLMscited by 64
- 2023WEIRD FAccTs: How Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic is FAccT?cited by 28
- 2023The Moral Machine Experiment on Large Language Modelscited by 25
- 2024Attributions toward Artificial Agents in a modified Moral Turing Testcited by 18
- 2021From Learning to Relearning: A Framework for Diminishing Bias in Social Robot Navigationcited by 11
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