What the LLM Should Not Say: Boundary-Aware Context Grounding for A Seven-Channel EEG Agent
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) can make scientific software easier to use. However, a general model does not automatically know which measurements a particular sensor can support, which algorithms are implemented in the current software, or which conclusions are justified by a computed result. These distinctions are especially important for low-channel electroencephalography (EEG), where sparse spatial coverage and variable signal quality make plausible but unsupported interpretations easy to produce. We present NeuraDock Agent, an open-source architecture that separates a deterministic local EEG engine from a hardware-aware language layer. The numerical engine parses recordings, performs quality control, executes reviewed spectral workflows, and writes machine-readable artifacts. The LLM receives only a compact, allowlisted summary and a versioned context pack. The context describes the seven-channel hardware, reviewed workflows, result fields, implementation boundaries, scientific limits, and reference cases. Raw EEG and dense per-sample arrays remain local We evaluate the system at three levels. First, 12 recordings produced identical structured results over ten numerical repetitions, and a complete Rest/Task run produced identical result, report, and figure hashes over three repetitions. Second, request-capture and failure-injection experiments confirmed the tested data boundary and preservation of local artifacts under HTTP, malformed-output, and connection failures. Third, a boundary-awareness benchmark tested 36 ordinary and adversarial questions under four context ablations and two LLMs, yielding 288 outputs.These results support hardware- and implementation-aware grounding as a practical mechanism for calibrating what an EEG agent accepts, qualifies, or refuses; they do not establish clinical validity or a validated absolute cognitive-load index.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 6 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jun 2026.
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References · 6
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
- 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,056
- 2022Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledgecited by 1,807
- 2020MCUNet: Tiny Deep Learning on IoT Devicescited by 269
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- 2026NeuroNarrator: A Generalist EEG-to-Text Foundation Model for Clinical Interpretation via Spectro-Spatial Grounding and Temporal State-Space Reasoning
- 2026BrainBench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Comprehensive EEG Understanding
- 2026CogEEGAgent: Toward Autonomous Cognitive EEG Analysis with Grounded Execution and Selection-Aware Verification
- 2026NeuraDock Visual Cognitive Load Agent Tutorial: A Quality-Gated Open-Source EEG Workflow for Alpha Dynamics and Real-Time Applications
- 2026NeuroWeaver: An Autonomous Evolutionary Agent for Exploring the Programmatic Space of EEG Analysis Pipelines
- 2025LLMs Help Alleviate the Cross-Subject Variability in Brain Signal and Language Alignment
- 2026AutoBCI: Forecast-Guided Agentic Neural Architecture Discovery for EEG-Based Brain--Computer Interfaces
- 2026NS-Copilot: An LLM-Driven Agent System for Autonomous Neuroscience Analysis