CrossPool: Efficient Multi-LLM Serving for Cold MoE Models through KV-Cache and Weight Disaggregation
On the map: Mixture-of-experts → Efficient MoE training and inference systems
Abstract (arXiv)
Emerging LLM services increasingly host many sparse MoE models, yet most models receive sparse requests and remain cold. This creates a GPU memory problem: model weights are stable and model-determined, while KV-cache is transient and demand-determined. Because cold models rarely reach peak KV-cache demand at the same time, reserving worst-case KV capacity per model wastes memory; a shared KV-cache pool can instead provision aggregate active demand. However, KV-cache sharing is not sufficient when weights and KV-cache remain in a monolithic GPU memory pool. Static weights compete with dynamic KV-cache, and KV-head-limited attention under cold, low-concurrency traffic exposes only a fraction of replicated KV capacity, leading to low GPU memory utilization and weak long-context support. We present CrossPool, a serving engine for cold MoE models that separates FFN weights and KV-cache into two GPU memory pools: a weights pool that consolidates FFN weights across cold models, and a KV-cache pool that dynamically serves active requests while keeping attention local to KV-cache. CrossPool combines a KV-cache planner and virtualizer, a layer-wise pipeline scheduler that hides hidden-state transfers, and persistent kernels with control lowering to reduce CPU-GPU control overhead. With efficient GPU memory pooling, CrossPool underpins bursty long-context requests and outperforms the state-of-the-art kvcached-based multi-LLM serving system, reducing P99 TBT by up to 10.4x.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Efficient MoE training and inference systems, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 14 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jun 2026.
Builds on
14 of 35 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 13
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
- 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,611
- 2021Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsitycited by 3,014
- 2020GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Shardingcited by 1,601
- 2023GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpointscited by 1,311
- 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,107
- 2026DeepSeek-V4: Towards Highly Efficient Million-Token Context Intelligencecited by 877
- 2024DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelscited by 834
- 2019Fast Transformer Decoding: One Write-Head is All You Needcited by 700
- 2024InfiniGen: Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language Models with Dynamic KV Cache Managementcited by 242
- 2025LMCache: An Efficient KV Cache Layer for Enterprise-Scale LLM Inferencecited by 119
1 more
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
- 2026Dynamic HBM Repartitioning for Multi-Turn MoE Servingcited by 0
- 2026Dynamic HBM Repartitioning for Multi-Turn MoE Serving11 Sep 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025WarmServe: Enabling One-for-Many GPU Prewarming for Multi-LLM Serving
- 2026Cross-Model Autoscaling for Shared LLM Serving
- 2025Prism: Cost-Efficient Multi-LLM Serving via GPU Memory Ballooning
- 2026RedKnot: Efficient Long-Context LLM Serving with Head-Aware KV Reuse and SegPagedAttention
- 2025Tangram: Accelerating Serverless LLM Loading through GPU Memory Reuse and Affinity
- 2026Towards Multi-Model LLM Schedulers: Empirical Insights into Offloading and Preemption
- 2026ScoutAttention: Efficient KV Cache Offloading via Layer-Ahead CPU Pre-computation for LLM Inference
- 2026The KV Cache Is the New Memory Wall