MVG-KAN: Multi-View Geo-Wind Guided KAN for PM2.5 Forecasting

Accurate short-term PM2.5 forecasting is important for public health protection, air-quality early warning, and urban environmental management. However, PM2.5 variation is driven by multiple coupled factors, including stable periodic changes induced by human activities and meteorological regularity, station-specific short-term concentration evolution, and meteorology-driven pollutant dispersion among monitoring stations. Existing spatio-temporal forecasting methods may capture station relationships to some extent, but distance-only, correlation-based, or purely adaptive graphs are often insufficient to comprehensively represent these heterogeneous factors, especially wind-direction-dependent pollutant transport. To address this problem, we propose a Multi-View Geo-Wind Guided KAN model for PM2.5 forecasting, named MVG-KAN, which models station-level PM2.5 evolution from three complementary views: local periodic regularity, station-wise residual temporal dynamics, and meteorological-environment-guided spatial dispersion. Specifically, the periodic-residual forecasting backbone first separates stable daily and weekly patterns from non-periodic residual variations. A Geo-Wind Graph is constructed by combining geographic distance decay with wind-direction- and wind-speed-aware transport, providing a lightweight physically motivated directed spatial prior for residual propagation among stations. In addition, a temporal Kolmogorov-Arnold network (TKAN) residual head is then introduced to learn station-wise nonlinear autoregressive correction from de-periodized PM2.5 residuals and historical multi-pollutant sequences, thereby enhancing the modeling of local residual inertia and pollutant co-variation.