π-RAG: Oblivious Retrieval via Semantic Quantization and Transcendental Addressing for Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper introduces π-RAG, a novel architecture for oblivious retrieval that decouples Large Language Models (LLMs) from sensitive data storage without sacrificing semantic understanding. Traditional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures expose raw vector embeddings to potential inversion attacks and nondeterministic retrieval failures. To address this, we utilize the digits of π as a source of transcendental entropy, creating an immutable indirection layer between the LLM and private records. The value π provides immutability, is uneditable and math governs it. The architecture also introduces a Semantic Quantization Layer. This layer projects user inputs onto a pre-computed manifold of Canonical Intent Centroids. RAG performs vector cosine similarity but here it maps the centroids to deterministic offsets via cryptographic salt. The resulting π-key is a pointer to standardized payload from the actual datastore. By replacing direct access to the datastore via LLM with this transcendental layer, π-RAG mathematically guarantees that the inference remains oblivious to the data. This architecture unifies deterministic randomness, auditability, and differential privacy, demonstrating high efficacy for high-compliance sectors such as finance and healthcare.
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References · 9
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2020Extracting Training Data from Large Language Modelscited by 2,144
- 2021Differentially Private Fine-tuning of Language Modelscited by 392
- 2020Information Leakage in Embedding Modelscited by 199
- 2025Unveiling Privacy Risks in LLM Agent Memorycited by 99
- 2024A New Era in LLM Security: Exploring Security Concerns in Real-World LLM-based Systemscited by 74
- 2025Privacy-Aware RAG: Secure and Isolated Knowledge Retrievalcited by 10
- 2025LLM Access Shield: Domain-Specific LLM Framework for Privacy Policy Compliancecited by 6
- 2025Optimizing Privacy-Preserving Primitives to Support LLM-Scale Applicationscited by 1
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- 2026Quantization Enables Private Dense Retrieval against Malicious Service Providers
- 2026Pointing the Way, Hiding the Destination: Practical Private Dense Retrieval at Scale
- 2026P2RAG: Efficient Privacy-Preserving RAG Service Supporting Arbitrary Top-k Retrieval
- 2026TurboVec: A Case Study in Cost-Efficient Private Retrieval for Enterprise RAG via Codebook-Oblivious Quantization
- 2024"Glue pizza and eat rocks" -- Exploiting Vulnerabilities in Retrieval-Augmented Generative Models
- 2026Securing Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Taxonomy of Attacks, Defenses, and Future Directions
- 2024Privacy-Preserving Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Differential Privacy
- 2024Pirates of the RAG: Adaptively Attacking LLMs to Leak Knowledge Bases