mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

The Benchmark Illusion: Pruned LLMs Can Pass Multiple Choice but Fail to Answer

arXiv 2606.17609 ↗First posted 16 Jun 2026cs.CLcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Compressing large language models reduces memory use and inference cost, but it can also create failures that standard benchmarks miss. A pruned model may still perform well on multiple-choice evaluations, yet fail to answer the same question in open generation. We ask what pruning changes: does it erase the correct answer, or does it make the answer harder to produce as the top output? We study this question with multilingual question answering, tracking the same questions before and after pruning. We find a benchmark illusion. Under high-sparsity pruning, especially Wanda, models often fail in greedy open generation while still selecting the correct answer under multiple-choice scoring. In these recognition-only errors, the answer is usually not gone, but demoted: it often reappears with beam search, sampling, or one in-context example. Overall, multiple-choice benchmarks can overstate the usability of compressed LLMs, creating an evaluation blind spot. Compressed models should be tested on what they can produce, not only on what they can recognize.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2026.

Builds on

14 of 24 references.

References · 14

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
  2. 2018The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis: Finding Sparse, Trainable Neural Networkscited by 2,262
  3. 2015Learning both Weights and Connections for Efficient Neural Networkscited by 2,031
  4. 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,917
  5. 2023SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shotcited by 1,121
  6. 2017Learning Sparse Neural Networks through L0 Regularizationcited by 583
  7. 2019On the Cross-lingual Transferability of Monolingual Representationscited by 578
  8. 2020TyDi QA: A Benchmark for Information-Seeking Question Answering in Typologically Diverse Languagescited by 488
  9. 2024SliceGPT: Compress Large Language Models by Deleting Rows and Columnscited by 385
  10. 2022Optimal Brain Compression: A Framework for Accurate Post-Training Quantization and Pruningcited by 322
  11. 2023Compressing LLMs: The Truth is Rarely Pure and Never Simplecited by 62
  12. 2024On the Limitations of Language Targeted Pruning: Investigating the Calibration Language Impact in Multilingual LLM Pruningcited by 6
2 more
  1. 2025Self-Correcting Large Language Models: Generation vs. Multiple Choicecited by 6
  2. 2025M-Wanda: Improving One-Shot Pruning for Multilingual LLMscited by 2

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2 papers.